Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASS)

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Access of Women to Higher Education in Uganda: An Analysis of Inequalities, Barriers and Determinants
(University of London Institute of Education, 1993) Kwesiga, Joy Constance
The study analyses factors affecting women's access to higher education in Uganda, where women are under-represented at all levels of education, as students, teachers, and managers. This reflects women's low status in Ugandan society. The conceptual framework is derived from literature covering Women in Development, the human capital concept of investment in education, the indirect benefits of educating women, and social theories of gender inequality. Literature on general educational access factors, mainly focusing on Sub-Saharan Africa is reviewed, using Hyde's (1991) three-fold classification of family, societal, and institutional factors. A sample of four primary schools, sixteen advanced level secondary schools and eleven higher education institutions provided empirical data. A crosssection of over 600 Ugandan students, teachers in secondary schools and higher education institutions, political and civic leaders and parents responded to questionnaires. Decision-makers at sample institutions and the Ministry of Education headquarters were interviewed, and documentary analysis also covered official reports, documents and records, previous research and the mass media. Although focus is on the higher education level, lower levels are investigated to provide insight into causes of diminishing numbers of female students as one climbs the educational ladder. The central conclusion is that the family, society and the state in Uganda act as if they are constantly weighing the profitability of investing in boys' or girls' education, albeit not in the conventional way of measuring earnings of educated workers, but rather assessing the future functional value of the individual. Lower status within the family structure, lower perceived social value, exacerbated by general economic constraints and inadequate educational structures make girls' education, particularly higher education, appear less profitable than that of boys. This obscures the indirect benefits that families and society would reap from higher rates of female participation in education.
Accountability and Performance of Local Governments in Uganda: A Case of Kabale District Local Government
(Kabale University, 2021) Conforte, Mizero
This study was about accountability and performance of local governments in Uganda, A case of Kabale District Local Government. Objectives of the study were to: examine how financial accountability affects performance of Kabale District Local Government; find out how administrative accountability affects performance of Kabale District Local Government; assess how citizen participation enhances performance of Kabale District Local Government. The study was conducted using descriptive research design and cross-sectional research design. The study had a target sample of 234 respondents though 195 actually participated in it. The study found out that several Financial Accountability practices such as seeking official authentication of the payments as per budget allocations, reporting, proper staffing and adherence to the required financial standards by government were key to effective accountability. Basically, the study established a strong positive relationship between Financial Accountability and Performance of Kabale District Local Government (r= .640, n=195, p< .01); a very strong positive correlation (r= .816, n=195, p<.01) between Administrative Accountability and Performance of Kabale District Local Government; and a significant relationship between Citizen Participation and Performance of Kabale District Local Government depicted by correlation (r= .814, n=195, p<.05). Therefore, null hypotheses in all hypotheses were rejected. The study concluded that Financial Accountability, Administrative Accountability and Citizen Participation are all pillars of performance of Kabale District Local Government, although performance results show that it was still below desired standards.
Administrative Management Practices and Service Delivery in Selected Non-Governmental Organizations in Kabale District: A Case Study of Kabale Municipality
(Kabale University, 2022) Barnabas, Nabaasa
Service delivery by Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) to beneficiaries remains a major challenge in most communities in the developing world. Though management practices are important and fundamental in enhancing service delivery in the NGO sector , they have received little attention.This study examined the relationship between administrative management practices and service delivery in selected NGOs in Kabale Municipality.Spefically, the study examined the relationship between: planning, policies/laws and monitoring and evaluation and service delivery in selected NGOs in Kabale Municipality. The study employed a cross-sectional and correlational design. A total of 84 participants including 80 workers in the selected NGOs and 4 community development officers were recruited to participate in the study from October to November 2021. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and linear regression were used. Data were obtained from workers of NGOs using a self-administered questionnaire and interview guides from community development officers. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for analyzing data from questionnaires. Thematic analysis and quotes from qualitative data were used in triangulation. Of the administrative management practices, 1.3% (p = 0.161), 4.6% (p=0.032 )and 14.8% (p=0.000) were the positive contributions of planning, administration of policies/laws and monitoring/evaluation respective to service delivery in selected NGOs in Kabale Municipality. The relationship between administarative management practices and service delivery in NGOs in Kabale Municipality was positive with least effect of planning followed by monitoring/evaluation and the most administration of policies/laws effects on service delivery. Interventions targeting administrative management practices, especially, planning are vital.
The Affirmative Action and Household Income Status of the Batwa Community Evicted From Bwindi Impenetrable Forest National Park, Kanungu District, Uganda
(Kabale University, 2022) Saulo, Katariko
This study was conducted on the Affirmative Actionand Household Income Status of the Batwa Evicted from Bwindi Impenetrable Forest National Park, Kanungu District, Uganda. The main objective of the study was to analyse the phenomena and challenges of the Batwa Affirmative Actionand Household Income in relation to the Batwa communities evicted from BINP. Four specific objectives were: To assess the services/projects provided by the Batwa Affirmative Action and Household Income in Bwindi; To investigate whether Batwa Affirmative Action and Household Income raised household income among the Batwa; To examine the challenges encountered by the Batwa Affirmative Action towards Household Income; To determine response perceived solutions to the challenges encountered by the Batwa Affirmative Action towards Household Income.A case study research design was employed for this study with mixed qualitative and quantitative approaches. With the aid of questionnaires, interview guides and focus group discussions, data was collected from 147 respondents that included the Batwa beneficiaries, religious workers, UWA staff, BMCT, BDP,UOBDU staff, Hospital/health centres and schools within Kanungu District. The first study objective revealed that Savings and credit schemes/Village Banks /VSLA was the main service provided to the Batwa as presented by 71% of the respondents. Other services included land ownership and food production, water and sanitation, tourism, and health among other.The second study objective revealed that the Batwa Affirmative Action and Household Income had raised household income among the Batwa as evidenced by 15.2% Batwa that had radios. Other assets included goats, cell phones, cows, and sheep among others. The third study objective revealed that most of the Batwa were not sensitizedso much that they were not aware of what is expected of them, or what is expected from non-Batwa. Finally, the fourth study objective revealed that the Batwa should be educated to initiate appropriate IGAs like goat keeping, apiary, irish potatoes, bananas, vegetables, coffee and tea. The study recommends that the Batwa should be involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation of projects that concern them so that they areproperly consulted. This would minimize or remove Batwa suspicion that project managers misuse funds meant for developing the Batwa. Instead of assimilation policies, the Batwa should be integrated into the surrounding communities without losing identity. The Batwa need to be fully sensitized that there is no more chance for nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle as the lifestyle is unsustainable.
Bamboo Growing and Poverty Reduction in Musanze and Burera Districts, Rwanda.
(Kabale University, 2015) Eric, Hitimana
This study set out to assess the contribution of bamboo growing towards poverty reduction in two districts of northern Rwanda where the Volcanoes National Park is found. The major objective of the study was to establish whether bamboo growing was helping the communities to reduce poverty among them. This study adopted both qualitative and quantitative designs so that the two approaches complemented each other. To achieve this, a total of 80 cooperative members (who are the community members) were interviewed selected from a total population of 604 bamboo growers was interviewed. To collect the data, questionnaires were administered to the staff of BASOLI project and an interview guide was used on the cooperative members who were interviewed in focused group discussions. The ministry officials were also interviewed. To supplement this data documentary analysis was done at the district level, project offices and the ministry of forestry offices annual reports. After collecting this data, SPSS package was used to analyse the data which was tabulated and in some cases put into graphs. The major finding was that the activity of bamboo growing was taking place and had provided the communities with gainful employment. However, the major challenge was that there was limited land for expansion of the activity. None the less the study concluded that bamboo growing is pertinent in poverty reduction in this part of Rwanda because of reasons that are socio-economic. It is therefore recommended that bamboo growing in Musanze and Burera district should be given priority compared to other tree varieties in the district planning and budgeting processes. This is because bamboo is high yielding compared to the other three varieties. It is then that more land can be allocated to bamboo growing; increase vocational training for the community members so that they acquire the right skills to produce competitive products on the market hence increased income thus reduced poverty around the VNP.
Career Development Programmes and Employee Performance in Kanungu District Local Government
(Kabale University, 2021) Alex, Ainebyoona
The study established the relationship between career development programs and employee performance in Local Governments in Kanungu District Local Government. The study established the relationship between staff training and employee performance in Kanungu District Local government; determined the relationship between career advancement and employee performance in Kanungu District Local government and; determined the relationship between career planning and employee performance in Kanungu District Local Government. The study espoused a cross sectional research design. The study used a sample of 175 respondents who were both purposively and randomly selected. Data collection in this study was done using questionnaires and interviews. Findings of the study revealed a positive but statistically significant relationship between staff training and employee performance. The Pearson correlation revealed a positive but statistically significant relationship between career advancement and employee performance meaning that career advancement based on competencies of members of staff, provision of scholarship to upgrade their knowledge and skills, having career progression plan guided on equity and merit and career progression guidelines which stipulates conditions for promotion are likely to bring about better employee performance geared towards timely achievement of Town Council targets. The findings indicated a Pearson correlation which showed a positive but statistically significant relationship between career planning prospects and employee performance meaning that having personal career plan, providing career advisory services, having career development plan and internal and external programs that develop members of staff as well as self-assessment tools would result into better employee performance. The study concluded that staff training, career advancement had positive significant relationship with employee performance in Kanungu District Local Government. The study concludes that career planning has a positive significant influence on employees’ performance. The study recommended that Town Councils understudy should regularly assess the training needs of staff before undertaking any training. To improve the performance of members of staff in Town Councils, career advancement should be based on competencies of members of staff, equity and merit and more scholarships should be awarded to members of staff to enable them advance career-wise.
Citizen Participation and Service Delivery: A case of Communities in Rukungiri Municipality.
(Kabale University, 2018) Jonacent, Tumusiime
Citizen participation is very significant for service delivery since it ensures accountability, reduces corruption, and brings equity in resource allocation. The study was about citizen participation and service delivery while considering communities in Rukungiri Municipality a case study. It aimed at examining the relationship between citizen participation and service delivery in Rukungiri municipality under the following specific objectives; to establish the level of citizen participation in Rukungiri municipality, to establish the quality of service delivery to citizens in Rukungiri municipality and to determine the relationship between level of citizen participation and quality service delivery in Rukungiri municipality. The study adopted a cross sectional-descriptive study design with the population size being 2907households in Rukungiri municipality from which a sample of 352 household heads was selected. A questionnaire was administered to 323 household heads who were recruited using simple random sampling technique while researcher administered interviews were conducted with 29 local leaders using purposively sampled. Qualitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentages and frequencies and in order to describe the relationship between the variables, Pearson product moment correlation index, and simple regression analysis were used. The study findings revealed that level of citizen participation in Rukungiri Municipality was medium, the quality of service delivery in Rukungiri Municipality was fair and that there is a substantial positive relationship between citizen participation and service delivery which accounts for 41.4% of the variability in quality of service delivery. The study recommended that Rukungiri municipal council and other district local governments should; improve citizen participation through involving them in planning and decision making process, project implementation and monitoring and evaluation, should put control systems to minimize corruption in service delivery, ensure accountability and equitable distribution of services and should involve citizens more since citizen participation improves service delivery and accounts for 41.4% of the variability in quality of service delivery.
Civil Society Organizations’ Advocacy Strategies and Performance of Local Governments: A Case Study of Kabale District.
(Kabale University, 2020) Robert, Kakuru Byamugisha
The study was about the effect of civil society organizations advocacy strategies and the performance of local governments in Kabale District. The study was guided by three objectives namely: to identify the CSO advocacy strategies on the performance of Kabale District Local Government; to find out the challenges affecting CSOs in advocacy strategies on the performance of Kabale District Local Government; and, to establish ways to be adopted by CSOs in executing advocacy strategies on the performance of Kabale District Local Government. A descriptive research design was used and this helped in collecting data from a wide section of the study respondents. The researcher used both primary and secondary data. Secondary data was collected from the local government statements and policies while Primary data was collected directly from respondents. The study also found that the majority of the respondents responded that CSOs have participated in transformational advocacy; some agreed that CSOs provide development advocacy which helps to improve performance of local governments. The findings also show that low civic competence was the major challenge affecting the CSOs in provision of quality service delivery among rural people in Kabale district. The findings also show that public awareness programmes should be employed by CSOs so that they can easily execute their advocacy strategies so as to help in good performance of local governments, especially Kabale district. The study concludes that CSO activity within the state-governmental frameworks are the dependence of CSOs on donor support, coupled with their proliferation sometimes based on the drive for donor funding; lack of coordination among them; their pursuit of short-term rather than long-term perspectives; and significant questions relating to their internal democracy, accountability and transparency. CSOs’ advocacy on social policies is particularly limited. Moreover, limited advocacy around social justice issues is coupled with a widespread conviction among citizens that only public authorities have the responsibilities to address social injustices. The study recommends that a stronger role in advocacy would benefit the long-term sustainability of CSOs by complementing the service-delivery profile of many organizations operating in these countries. Possibly, a more significant advocacy role would also contribute towards reshaping the public image of many CSOs that, due their service delivery profile, are often perceived as state agents rather than autonomous civic actors. In this context, international donors could play a significant role by investing in programmes aimed at building the capacity of CSOs in advocacy and campaigning.
Communication and Delivery of Project Activities: A Case Study of Selected Organisations in Kabale Municipality
(Kabale University, 2022) AINE, ONAN
The study was about communication and delivery of project activities: a case study of selected organizations in Kabale Municipality. It considered a few Non-Governmental organizations that operate in Kabale district such as Kick Corruption out of Uganda (KICK-U), Kigezi Women in Development (KWID), and Forum for Women in Development (FOWODE). The study was guided by research objectives which were to examine the communication channels used in Non-Governmental Organizations in Kabale district, to find out how Communication affect delivery of project activities in Non-Governmental Organizations of Kabale district and to propose ways in which Communication can be improved for effective delivery of project activities in Non-Governmental Organizations in Kabale district. The study used a descriptive survey design with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study used a sample size 0f 90 respondents and both interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents. The study findings indicated that there is minimal communication between project stakeholders and project employees and there is minimal interaction between project donors and beneficiaries and this may have contributed to low delivery of project activities in this organization over years. The study findings indicated findings on communication channels used by Non-Governmental Organizations as emails, websites, television such as TV west in Western Uganda, letters, telephone, meetings, Newspapers, financial reports, brochures, posters, notice board and memos, The study findings indicated findings on effect of communication on delivery of project activities in Non-Governmental Organizations are physical barriers, system design, staff shortage, negative attitude among the staff in an organization, psychological factors, individual linguistic ability, lack of sensitivity, lack of skills, lack of knowledge, duties overload, emotional interference and organizational culture. The study findings indicated findings on ways in which communication can be improved for effective delivery of project activities in Non-Governmental organizations can be improved indicate that availability. use of multiple channels, regular reports, assumptions, body languages, team work, feedback, establishing relevancy, open door policy, getting message across and handling communication problems . Finally the study recommended that the study found out that there are several communication channels in which communication can pass through from the sender to the receiver therefore such channels should be maintained and improved for smooth communication process. The study findings indicate that there are several factors that hinder communication therefore stakeholders should fight hard to handle these factors so that there is smooth communication process.
Community Health Insurance Schemes and Access to Quality Health Services in Rural Areas: A Case of Kasaana Sub-County, Sheema District, Uganda
(Kabale University, 2021) Ronald, Nuwagaba
The study assessed the effect of community health insurance schemes on access to quality health services in rural areas of Kasaana Sub-County, Sheema District, Uganda. It was guided by the following objectives: to find out the effect of health infrastructure insurance scheme on the accessibility to quality health services; to determine the extent to which medical materials insurance scheme influence the accessibility to quality health services; and to find out the extent to which financial resource insurance scheme affect the accessibility to quality health services. The researcher used a correlation and cross-sectional design. The researcher used both purposive and stratified random sampling techniques to sample respondents. The sample size was 310 respondents. Pearson Correlation Coefficient was also used first to examine associations between variables, presented in a correlation matrix style. Finally, a sequence of Multiple Regression Analyses was employed to test the hypotheses and to identify the nature and extent of relationship. The study findings revealed that the effectiveness of health infrastructure has a strong, positive and significant impact on people’s accessibility to quality health services (R-value of 0.983; Beta value of 0.983 and significant value of 0.00). The study findings also revealed that availability of medical facilities or material at health centres has a positive impact on the accessibility of quality health service to people (r-value of 0.979 and Beta value of 0.979 at significant value of 0.00). It was also revealed that availability of financial resources insurance schemes have a strong, positive and significant impact on people’s accessibility to quality health services (r-value of 0.998, Beta value of 0.998 and significant value of 0.00.) This study concluded that effective health infrastructure insurance has a strong, positive and significant impact on the people’s accessibility to quality health services. The government should ensure that laboratories at all heath facilities that are well equipped with facilities such that patients can just access laboratory related services easily.
Community Work Participation and Outcomes in Nyagatare District, Rwanda.
(Kabale University, 2014) Jean Marie Vianney, Ruzindana
The study examined the factors affecting people’s participation in community work and outcomes in Nyagatare District, Rwanda. Its specific objectives were: to analyse the various community work activities in Nyagatare Sector; to investigate the factors favouring community work in Nyagatare Sector; to examine the challenges hindering community work in Nyagatare Sector and; to explore strategies to address the challenges hindering community work in Nyagatare Sector. The study was both qualitative and quantitative in nature. It reviewed literature for the study in the same arrangement with the study objectives was extracted from different textbooks, manuals, reports, journals and internet from different libraries and computer laboratories as presented in chapter two of this dissertation. The study used both simple random and purposive sampling techniques to select a total of one hundred and fifty (150) respondents that provided the required data and information that were important for the study. The employed the questionnaire, observation and interview guides to collect primary data and information from the respondents. Data was presented in figures, photographs and tables. Conclusion and recommendations of the study were drawn basing on the results of the study. In short, the whole research process involved proposal writing, data collection, data analysis, presentation, discussion of results, summary, conclusions and recommendations. The study findings indicated that the majority of respondents (70%) had participated in community work in the study area. Among the kind of community work activities in which respondents participated in the study area included waste management and family planning discussions. The study findings also revealed that the majority of respondents (81%) were motivated by certain factors to participate in community work in the study area. Among the motivating factors included the commitment of community leaders in community work participation and their inner voluntarism attitude of communism. Basing on the study findings, it was concluded that the majority of respondents (97%) noted that there were challenges that hindered community work in the study area. Among the challenges included limited equipment and materials to use while carrying out community work activities in the study area and the culture of the people especially those from the traditional loyal wealth families posed a challenge to community work in the study area. It was also concluded that the majority of respondents (91%) revealed that there were measures in place that addressed the challenges that hindered community work participation in the study area. Among those measures that were in place included community sensitisation and that the Government of the Republic of Rwanda through Nyagatare District Local Government had enacted by-laws to boost community work participation in the study area. The researcher further concluded the study by asking respondents to suggest other practical intervention strategies in addition to the measures that were in place to address the challenges hindering community work in the study area. Among them respondents suggested that there should be massive community sensitisation and also suggested that there should be value place on community work. Basing on the results of the study, the researcher recommends that there is need to find the means to translate the good will of the community on voluntary of community work activities and programs to create public recognition of the value and benefits of realised from their services. The study also recommends that there is need to adopt a public policy that will the moral of community members and awaken them up to participate in essential services, provide appropriate resources in order to guarantee the long-term sustainability ideology in community work participation in the study area, among others.
Compensation Packages and Employees’ Job Performance: A Case Study of National Population Council, Uganda
(Kabale University, 2021) Raymond, Asiimwe
The purpose of the study was to examine the role of compensation packages for the employees’ job performance at the National Population Council. The specific objectives were to: establish the various compensation packages employed by National Population Council; determine the relationship between the compensation packages and employees’ job performance at National Population Council; and, find out the challenges affecting employees’ job performance at National Population Council. The researcher used descriptive cross-sectional survey design which employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study population involved employees of National Population Council totaling 104.The study used a sample size of 83 respondents which was selected using both simple random and purposive sampling techniques and the response rate was 76 responses, representing 91.6%. The study used both a structured questionnaire and an interview guide to collect primary data from the respondents. The findings were presented using both descriptive statistics and logistic regression model. The study findings revealed that the compensation packages employed by NPC include: salary (97%), incentives (72.9%), rewards (84%), and wages (97%). These compensation packages were found to be instrumental in improving the employees’ job performance at NPC. Concerning the relationship between compensation packages and employees’ job performance at NPC, the logistic regression findings indicated that employees given rewards (OR=1.906, P-value<0.05), incentives (OR=1.845, P-value<0.05), salaries (OR=1.316, P-value<0.05), and wages (OR=1.273, P-value<0.05) significantly performed higher compared to those who were not subjected to these compensation packages. The study found out that the major challenges affecting employees’ job performance at NPC include: limited funds to support health insurance of employees, inadequate salary, inadequate allowances, and limited promotions to the staff. The study concluded that compensation packages provided to employees of NPC are so instrumental in enhancing employee job performance despite some challenges. Concerning recommendations, NPC should improve/increase on the salaries provided to its employees since this may help to improve on their performance. Funds should be set aside to cater for the health insurance of the employees of NPC. NPC should promote its employees who perform well so as to motivate them to perform better.
Conflicts and Mitigation measures Inrwandan protected areas. A case of Volcanoes National Park.
(Kabale University, 2014) Jean Damascene, Hakizimana
This study examined the conflicts in VNP and their mitigation measures; the kind of conflicts that occurred between VNP management and local community, their levels, the mitigation measures put in place by managers of this protected area and involvement of local community in suggestion of effective solutions to the problem. Data were collected through the survey from 94 households, selected by using Stratified Random Sampling method. The results showed that communities living near VNP were being suffered for a long time by animals ranging outside of park without compensation. The surrounding communities prefer micro- compensation from macro-compensation that is given in common by considering revenue sharing as the compensation to their damaged properties. They suggest the full amount of compensation by considering the report evaluation done by the committee and not reduce the amount; to the third or the half of the total amount without any consultation to the responsible of property damage. In this study, communities suggest the fencing of VNP as the sustainable solution for human-wildlife conflict management. Community surrounding VNP are still suffering of property loss due to crops raiding by animals that ranging outside of park and this loss reduce their effective participation in park conservation and lead to unceasing dependence on park’s natural resources for living. The study concluded that the human-wildlife conflicts in VNP is a problem, that ask sufficient efforts from government with involvement of different stakeholders, for decision making with the suggestion of necessarily effective mitigation measures; and recommends the individual involvement in achieving sustainable conservation.
Credit Monitoring, Recovery Strategies and Performance of Commercial Banks in Uganda: A Case Study of Centenary Bank Kabale Branch
(Kabale University, 2022) Protase, Mubangizi
The study was sought to determine the influence of credit monitoring, recovery strategies and performance of centenary Bank. The study was guided by the following objectives namely; the influence of credit standards on the performance of centenary bank in Kabale district, the influence of sound credit policy on the performance of centenary bank in Kabale district, and the influence of communication on the performance of centenary bank in Kabale district. The study sampled 149 respondents from 203 as the target population. The study used a cross sectional design combined with a case study design. The findings/ results show that there is strong positive relationship between the variables. This stipulates that with proper enforced policies, improved communication and credit collection, review of credit procedures and monitoring helps in the aspect of financial performance of centenary bank and therefore the centenary bank should put much emphasis on the stated variables, centenary bank has tried in credit monitoring, recovery strategies for the positive financial performance of the institution. This is shown by 0.209 of the R square as indicated in the table 11 which indicates a positive relationship between credit monitoring, recovery strategies and financial performance of centenary. The results show that there is strong positive relationship of 3.826 between the variables. This stipulates that with proper assessment of credit standards, sound credit policy, and create communication channels and therefore centenary should put much emphasis on the stated variables, there is a strong positive relationship between credit monitoring, recovery strategies and financial performance of centenaryat Pearson correlation coefficient at 0.004. The study concludes that also, it increases the ability of the centenary banks mangers to manage the level of the earning volatility and reduce risk-weighted assets fluctuations which in turn affect banks profitability. The results show that centenary bank credit officers are qualified to monitor and evaluate potential and unexpected circumstances which could affect borrower’s credit strength. Since the credit monitoring management seemed to give a negative significance in relation to the profitability of banks, there are possibilities for these banks to improve profitability by ensuring the accurate determine for any potential changes regarding borrower's repayment abilities of the credit funds also their financial position. The study recommends that management of commercial banks should address cost and benefit implications of credit policy to suit the current dynamic finance industry so as to minimise costs associate with credit while maximizing the benefit from it.
Decentralization and Primary Health Care Service delivery in Local Governments in Uganda: A Case Study of Kabale Municipality
(Kabale University, 2021) Julius, Kisembo
The decentralization policy was introduced in 1993 with the objective of transferring financial and planning powers to local governments so that they could improve service delivery in the five national priority areas. The national priority areas included primary health care, extension of agriculture services, water and sanitation, primary education and feeder roads (Ugandan Local Government Act, 1997). Indeed, decentralization has enabled local governments to carry out their own planning and budgeting with a focus on their local priorities. Local governments have been able to finance some of these priorities using the locally-generated revenue. However, a problem of delivering poor quality primary health care services has remained outstanding. This study was conducted to assess the factors that may have hindered the implementation of financial, political and administrative decentralization and primary health care service delivery in Kabale Municipality so as to establish relevant remedies that have to be applied in improving decentralization and health service delivery in Kabale Municipality and Uganda at large. The study espoused a cross-sectional research design supported by both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A sample size of 112 respondents was used and respondents were selected using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Data collection methods involved the use of questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 20 that helped to generate frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. The study found that some the factors that hampered financial decentralization in Kabale Municipality were lack of enough revenue generation that would have improved provision of primary health care services. More so, it established that local revenue was highly misappropriated and diverted which affected the quality of primary health care service delivery. There was high rate of tax evasion by taxpayers resulting into low revenue to finance the health sector for improved quality primary health care services. Kabale Municipality had high rate of bureaucratic red tape, corruption and fraud by some administrators, delayed implementation of projects and programmes for primary health care services. There was also inadequate human resources in the health sector to deliver quality primary health care services. The study established that strengthening the fight against corruption and embezzlement of funds would impact greatly towards improved delivery of primary health care services. It was established that there was need for the Local Government to recruit adequate primary health care staff to provide quality health services. The study recommended that the Government should ensure that the budget allocation for drugs is increased to meet the demands of the clients and ensure their satisfaction and that of service providers. Since cases of corruption were found to hinder administrative decentralization and primary health care service delivery, there is need for the government and its anti-corruption agencies to strengthen measures to fight against corruption
Decentralization and Public Health Services Delivery in Kabale Municipality, Kabale District, Uganda
(Kabale University, 2022) Boaz, Mubangizi
This study examined the relationship between decentralization and public health service delivery in Kabale Municipality, Kabale District, Uganda. The objectives of the study were: To establish the relationship between political decentralization and public health service delivery; To determine the relationship between fiscal decentralization and public health service delivery; and, To establish the relationship between administrative decentralization and public health service delivery. A cross-sectional research design was used and both quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed where questionnaire, interviews and observation methods were used. Self-administered questionnaire and interview guide were employed as data collection tools on a sample size of 144 respondents that was determined from a target population of 225 using Yamane’s formula of sample size determination. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used in selecting respondents. In addition, observation method by use of observation checklist as a data collection tool was also used to supplement on the questionnaire and interview methods. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to test the hypotheses and the study findings revealed a significant relationship between the three decentralization dimensions and public health service delivery. It was therefore concluded that there is a positive significant relationship between political decentralization and public health service delivery, positive significant relationship between fiscal decentralization and public health service delivery and a positive significant relationship between administrative decentralization and public health service delivery in Kabale Municipality. The study recommended that there should be improvement in political decentralization, fiscal decentralization and administrative decentralization through embracing citizen participation in decision making by ensuring public hearings and consultation system and involving them in the budget preparation process; finding out more revenue generating opportunities to widen the tax bases by encouraging entrepreneurial spirit and embracing the qualities of good governance like transparency, responsiveness, and rule of law, accountability, equity and inclusiveness; appreciation of the whistle blowers in the management, regular monitoring and evaluation of Kabale Municipality operations by the responsible Local Government officials and the Central Government should regularly demand for accountability from the Town Council on its performance to instil a sense of seriousness and proper allocation of the funds, proper utilization of the disbursed drugs and other health equipment of machines assigned to it to facilitate in health related operations. This study focused on decentralization in terms of (political, fiscal and administrative) and how the trio relate to public health service delivery. A further study may be carried out to examine the relationship between decentralization and public education service delivery in Kabale Municipality. A similar study may be carried out in other Municipal Councils in the country especially in Eastern and Northern Uganda. More research may also be carried out to investigate the influence of locally generated funds on public health service delivery in the Local Governments of Uganda.
Decentralized Revenue Management and Health Service Delivery in Local Governments in Uganda: A Case Study of Kabale District Local Government
(Kabale University, 2021) Christine, Nayebare
The study aimed to assess the extent to which revenue management affects health service delivery in Kabale District Local Government. Specifically, the study set out to establish the relationship between decentralized planning and health service delivery in Kabale District Local Government; analyse the effect of revenue control on health service delivery in Kabale District Local Government; and, establish how revenue allocation influences health service delivery in Kabale District Local Government. A cross-sectional research design was adopted to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from 137 respondents. Data collection was done using questionnaires, interview guide and documentary checklist; and analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 20). Results indicate a strong positive correlation (r= 0.958**) between decentralized planning and health service delivery. In addition, there was a significant positive relationship between revenue control and health service delivery (r= 0.957**), and a significant positive relationship between revenue allocation and health service delivery in Kabale District Local Government (r = 0.953**). Generally, findings show that there was a significant relationship between decentralized planning and health service delivery in Kabale District Local government. Therefore, the study concluded that revenue enhancement plan/strategies, increased revenue mobilization/collection, participatory planning and budgeting improve on the quality of health service delivery. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between revenue control and health service delivery in Kabale District Local Government. The study concluded that allocating adequate funds to Kabale District Local Government, better allocation and proper use of financial resources in the delivery of quality services and monitoring revenue allocation in health improves on health service delivery. The study recommended that there is a need to strengthen decentralized planning for health services by allowing the input of local policy makers and creation of funding for that input. There is need for Kabale District Local Government to strengthen and increase on revenue management strategies in order to mobilize adequate revenues to finance the delivery of health services.
Ecotourism and Poverty Reduction in Uganda. A Case Study of Batwa Communities in Kisoro District.
(Kabale University, 2022) Kukundakwe, Obadiah
This study examined whether Ecotourism can lead to poverty reduction in Batwa communities living in Kisoro District. The study was guided by guided the three specific objectives which were to; examine the effect of Ecotourism on poverty reduction in Batwa communities in Kisoro District, assess the effect of cultural Tourism on poverty reduction in Batwa communities Kisoro District, and identify challenges affecting tourism with respect to poverty reduction goals amongst the Batwa Communities in Kisoro District. The participants were the Batwa Community selected from different areas of Kisoro district. A sample size of 317 respondents was considered for the study. Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques were used. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (for quantitative data), and thematic analysis for qualitatitative data. Findings indicate that the Batwa communities would wish to engage in Ecotourism, but, they are discriminated, not given proper education in order to compete with others, lack awareness on available opportunities and they lack raw materials to make goods for sale. On recommendation, the government should have a Batwa representative in parliament just like any marginalized communities that have a representatives in parliament so as to address their needs.
Employee Motivation and Job Performance in the Public Service of Uganda: The Case of the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions
(Kabale University, 2021) Batson, Baguma
The purpose of this study was to assess employee motivation and performance in the public service, a case study of the Office of the Director Public Prosecution of Uganda. The objectives were: to establish the levels of intrinsic motivation in the ODPP; to establish the level of extrinsic motivation in ODPP; and, to examine the factors that determine employee motivation on the employee performance in the ODPP. The study used a target population of 472 selected ODPP staff as well as some officials from sister institutions such as Judiciary, Police and Probation. A total of 216 respondents was reached and selected using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sample size formula table. A descriptive research design was employed with both quantitative and qualitative approaches as simple random sampling was employed to get the respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and bivariate statistics. The results showed that there was a strong and positive relationship between motivation and employee performance in ODPP; that 90% of those who mentioned monetary incentives either strongly agreed (65.6%) that this affects their performance which indicated that motivation improves performance and, that despite the low monetary incentives 20.6%, promotion at work places 40.3 %, continued job training at 58.5% and good relationship with supervisors 82% was one of the ways in which employees were motivated at the ODPP. The study concluded that overall, ODPP is expected to provide an appropriate salary for the employees as promised by the government; the current salary is considered disproportional compared with other institutions in the justice law and order sector; limited career path in the ODPP; ODPP still has to handle appropriation of their rewarding recognition for employees’ performance in the form of financial incentives, a recognition certificate, direct verbal compliments; there is big criticism regarding work-life balance factors. Most employees argued that the workload and working hours are too high. The study recommends that the ODPP needs to consider practical measures to improve on the motivation of its employees and enhance performance through Salary policy review for overtime rate for all employees; there is a need for a workload and job description review. The adjustment on workload is required in order to improve the work-life balance factor; that a clear procedure of performance evaluation process be instituted and reward/recognition factor should be considered good; ODPP needs to maintain and improve it in order to increase the motivation level of the employees in order to enhance their performance. Because productivity and performance of most organizations depend on how readily available and committed the workforce is, the absence or low level of factors of motivation effects employee’s motivation and hence negatively affects performance.
Fiscal Decentralisation and the Performance of Health Sector in Kabale District, Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2018) Ali Khamis, Hashir
The study was to establish the impact of Fiscal Decentralization on health service delivery in Kabale District. This was based on the objectives namely; to identify the contribution of fiscal decentralization on health service delivery in Kabale district, to establish the factors that affect fiscal decentralization on health service delivery in Kabale District, to find out the solutions on challenges facing fiscal decentralization on the health service delivery in Kabale district. The study used exploratory and descriptive research design which involves analysis and the use of words because it enabled the researcher to draw valid and dependable conclusion and recommendations. The design of the study was built on a causal relationship based on the results from some of the data collection tools which are questionnaires, oral interviews and observations of the researcher. The study used questionnaire, interviewing and documentary review that gave the researcher the inner understanding of the study. Those methods that helped the researcher to collect data from the field of study.196 respondents were selected for the study whereby, 84 were male and 112 were females. From the findings most respondents agreed on factors that influence fiscal decentralisation on health service delivery; such as supportive supervision, sensitization, administrative and management systems, revenue collection and administration. Findings indicate that fiscal decentralization can improve the efficiency of public service delivery but only under specific conditions. First, the decentralization process requires adequate political and institutional environments. Second, a sufficient degree of expenditure decentralization seems necessary to obtain favorable outcomes. Third, decentralization of expenditure needs to be accompanied by sufficient fiscal decentralization of revenue. Absent of those conditions, fiscal decentralization cannot be delivered. It was recommended that the government takes steps stem the fragmentation's in health service delivery in the country, provide the needed funding for health service delivery and in the medium to long term, detach the Department of Ministry of Health and create an all new Ministry to encompass and allied agencies in the country, Government must increase more funds in budgeting for the Ministry of Health, MOH should mobilize all health agents to solve problems and challenges facing health sector, MOH should renovate all health buildings, put up more health facilities, improve on transport system, and increase the number of doctors.

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