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Item Restricted Design of an Elementary Electric Clay Stove(Kabale University, 2024) Bwambale, FestoThis project proposal focuses on the design and development of an elementary electric clay stove tailored to the needs of Kabale Municipality, aiming to address the specific cooking challenges and opportunities within this region. Traditional clay stoves, while culturally integral and cost-effective, commonly rely on biomass fuels, contributing to indoor air pollution and deforestation. By incorporating electric heating technology, this initiative proposes a sustainable alternative that leverages Kabale’s increasing access to electricity, reducing environmental impact and enhancing household health. The project will engage local artisans in the design process to ensure that the stove is culturally appropriate and economically viable. It will include material testing for optimal thermal efficiency, prototype development, and community-based trials to evaluate user experience and stove performance. The anticipated outcome is the widespread adoption of a clean, efficient, and locally produced cooking solution that aligns with the environmental and socio-economic context of Kabale MunicipalityItem Restricted Examining the Causes of Poor Performance in Primary Schools in Rubanda District(Kabale University, 2024) Arineitwe, Obadia.This study aimed to identify and address the underlying factors contributing to poor performance in primary schools within Rubanda District. The objectives were to assess current academic performance trends, explore methods for controlling poor performance, and propose recommendations to enhance educational outcomes. Utilizing both qualitative and quantitative research approaches, data were collected through interviews and self-administered questionnaires from a sample of 80 respondents, including pupils, teachers, head teachers, and parents across five primary schools. The findings revealed a mixed trend in academic performance, with some schools showing improvement while others faced ongoing challenges. Key strategies identified for controlling poor performance included enhancing student support services and investing in professional development for teachers. Recommendations emphasized the importance of increasing resource allocation, implementing comprehensive teacher training programs, strengthening parental involvement, and introducing targeted remedial support programs. Improved school management practices were also highlighted as crucial for effective implementation of educational strategies. The study concluded that a balanced approach integrating enhanced resources, teacher development, and active parental engagement was necessary to address academic performance issues. By adopting these recommendations, Rubanda District's primary schools could significantly improve student outcomes and establish a more effective educational framework.Item Restricted Integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on Pupils’ Learning of English in Selected Schools in Buyanja Town Council, Rukungiri District.(Kabale University, 2024) Arinaitwe, FranklineThe topic of the study was on the he integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) on pupils’ learning of English in selected schools in Buyanja Town Council, Rukungiri district. The study was guided by the three objectives: To find out the role of integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) on pupils’ learning of English in selected schools, to investigate the factors hindering the effective integration of ICT in pupils' learning of English in selected schools, to explore strategies employed to overcome challenges hindering the effective integration of ICT in pupils' learning of English in Buyanja Town Council, Rukungiri district. Literature was reviewed according to the above objectives. The study used a descriptive cross- sectional study. A cross-sectional design was a type of observational study, or descriptive research that involved analyzing information about a population at a specific point in time. The study took a total of 50 respondents that is each school the researcher selected 5 pupils, 4 teachers and 1 head teacher by use of simple random sampling and purposive sampling. Data from quantitative and qualitative research was then analysed and presented in form of tables and graphs. Conclusions, recommendations suggestions for further research studies were finally made.Item Restricted Effects of Teenage Pregnancy on Girl Child Education in Buhunga Sub-County Uganda.(Kabale University, 2024) Twikirize, EdwigEducation is a global concern that closes the gap between social classes for safer communities. Promoting girl child education is possible once the schools embrace leadership styles for the same. School leaders facilitate the teachers, the students, and the community to embrace a hospitable, empathetic, and collaborative learning environment for the different students irrespective of their diversity. This study investigated the effects of teenage pregnancy on Girl Child Education in the Buhunga Sub-County of Rukungiri District in Uganda. The objectives were to find out the causes of Teenage Pregnancy in Buhunga Sub-County; to find out the psychosocial effects of teenage pregnancy on Girl Child academic performance in Buhunga Sub-County; to establish the health effects of teenage pregnancy on Girl Child Schooling in Buhunga Sub-County, and to suggest possible strategies for addressing teenage pregnancy in the Buhunga Sub-County of Rukungiri District. This study was based on a mixed-method design with a descriptive survey approach incorporated. The target population was 120 primary school teachers; 5 medical nurses; 10 religious leaders; 3 doctors; 30 VHTs; 01 CDO; the individuals; 01 L.C.III; 02 L.C. IIs; 01 Parish Chief; 04 LCIs; 03 CWC; 05 CYC. This study used purposive and simple random sampling to select 92 primary school teachers; 5 medical nurses; 10 religious leaders; 3 doctors; 28 VHTs; 01 CDO; the individuals; 01 L.C.III; 02 L.C. IIs; 01 Parish Chief; 04 LCIs; 03 CWC; 05 CYC. Data collection instruments were structured questionnaires and interviews to collect data on the effects of teenage pregnancy on Girl Child Education in Buhunga Sub-County of Rukungiri District, Uganda. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Research ethical procedures were adhered to during the research process. Data analysis was adopted as quantitative analysis with the use of frequencies and percentages while qualitative analysis was adopted as thematic analysis. The study findings showed that the majority of the participants 80% strongly agreed that poverty made teenagers prone to being victims of early pregnancies before the right time; 83% strongly agreed that teenage peer social influence contributed to teenage pregnancies; 72% strongly agreed that parental neglect contributed to teenage pregnancies; 71% strongly agreed that family pressure for marriage contributed to teenage pregnancies. The psychosocial effects of teenage pregnancy on girl-child academic performance had teenagers living lifestyles associated with depression due to early pregnancies; socially segregated from the rest of the community members and school dropout due to early pregnancies. The health effects of teenage pregnancy on Girl Child schooling showed that teenagers’ pregnancy-related health issues limited teenagers’ school participation. The possible strategies for addressing teenage pregnancy for Girl Child Education were adopting teenage education about sexuality, promoting guidance and counseling in adolescents, abstinence education and awareness, promote gender equality campaigns. Conclusively, teenage pregnancy is escalated by poverty among teenagers, peer social influence in own curiosity experiences, parental neglect to avail guidance and counseling, lacking sex education, and family pressure for marriage to obtain resources. Psychosocially teenagers lived lifestyles associated with depression, experienced social segregation in their communities, suffered domestic violence consequences, lived in low-income life situations indulged teenagers in sexual intercourse at an early age. The health effects had teenagers limited further resilience to education. Adopting teenage education about sex education, preventing early marriages, teachers and guardians monitoring, promoting guidance and counseling in adolescents, and promoting gender equality campaigns for equality.Item Restricted Mathematical Model for Transmission and Control of Covid-19 in Human Population of Kigezi Sub-region.(Kabale University, 2024) Mukamatayebwa, KenethIn this research, an SEIR model is based on the fact that it describes the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 virus disease in humans, mainly from the Kigezi subregion. The model suggests that S stands for susceptible, E stands for exposed, I stands for infected, and finally, R stands for removed or recovered from the system. The parameters such as B indicates the entry of a new population into the system of the model, β indicates the rate at which the susceptible individuals are exposed to the disease, n shows the infection rate, μ natural death rate, t recovery rate, and α shows the death resulting from the disease. When analyzing the disease-free equilibrium, we equate the susceptible to zero such that, for the rest, we set them to be zero ie, E = 0, I = 0, and R = 0, and thereafter we obtain {So,Eo, Io,Ro} = { }. At disease equilibrium, and from there we analyze the equilibrium points of each stage. The basic reproductive number R0 is given by FV-1 where F and V are matrices obtained from f{x} and v{x} and where Fx is newly infected and Vx is the other term. The sensitivity index shows the effect of each parameter used in the equation and how it can affect the results of the model, therefore it's obtained from the given formula as R0 = where R0 is the basic reproductive number and P indicates any parameter used in the model formulationItem Restricted Hali ya Kiswahili Katika Shule za Upili Wilayani Ntungamo Nchini Uganda.(Kabale University, 2024) Musiimenta, AnitaKatika makala haya, mtafiti anaeleza namna ambavyo Kiswahili kinaweza kuwa na manufaakwa nchi ya Uganda. Ni kweli kwamba nchini Uganda, watu kadhaa wakiwemo baadhi ya wanasiasa hawaoni umuhimu wa lugha ya Kiswahili. Hata hivyo, nchi ya Uganda inaweza kunufaika pakubwa sana hasa kiuchumi kutokana na lugha ya Kiswahili. Ni jambo la wazi kuwa uchumi duni hufanya nchi ikose kupata maendeleo ilhali uchumi imara hufanya nchi iwe na maendeleo. Nchi zenye nguvu kama vile Marekani na zile za Ulaya zimeweza kupata maendeleo makubwa kwa sababu ya kuwa na uchumi imara. Kwa hiyo, nchi mbalimbali huweka mikakati maalumu ya kuimarisha uchumi zao. Nchi huwa zinaimarisha uchumi zaokwa kuimarisha sekta za biashara, kilimo, viwanda, uvuvi na utalii. Halikadhalika, nchi nyingi hutenga kiasi kikubwa cha pesa katika bajeti zao za kila mwaka wa kifedha kwa ajili ya kuimarisha sekta mbalimbali zinazoimarisha uchumi. Nchi mbalimbali pia huendeleza sekta ya kibinafsi katika harakati zao za kuimarisha uchumi na kuondoa umaskini katika jamii. Kwa hiyo, watu binafsi huwa wanahamasishwa kuanzisha miradi mbalimbali na kubuni kazi kwa wananchi badala ya kusubiri serikali. Hata hivyo, nchini Uganda, wanasiasa hawajaona umuhimu wa lugha ya Kiswahili na nchi hii ni mwanachama wa jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki. Kwa hiyo, katika makala hii, mtafiti anaeleza jinsi Kiswahili kinaweza kuwa na manufaa kwa Waganda. Utafiti huu ulikusudia kujibu swali; Je, Kiswahili kinaweza kuwa na manufaa yoyote kwa nchi ya Uganda? Katika kazi hii, mkabala wa utafiti ulikuwa wa nyanjani. Mtafiti aliendeleza utafiti katika Wilaya ya Bududa nchini Uganda. Wahojiwa walikuwa walimu katika shule za sekondari. Taarifa zilikusanywa kutoka kwa walimu 100. Baada ya taarifa kukusanywa, mtafiti alizichanganua data hizo na kubainisha hoja tofautitofauti. Umuhimu wa utafiti huu ni kuwa ulipelekea wananchi wa Uganda kuona umuhimu wa lugha ya Kiswahili na hivyo kuanza kuitetea badala ya kuipiga vita.Item Restricted Design and Construction of Hydraulic Press.(Kabale University, 2024) Natukunda, AndrewThe main aim of this project was to design and construct a hydraulic press from locally available materials which function by means of an incompressible fluid thereby transforming theoretical knowledge to practical one. This project is the best on Pascal’s Principle which states that ``pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the liquid ’’. As a teacher in the making, I used nails, wood, syringes, tubes, cotton, empty battles, and a wand afterward to design a simple hydraulic press from locally available materials to transform theoretical work into practical skills for active teaching and learning.Item Restricted A Re-Designed Efficient Charcoal Stove.(Kabale University, 2024) Mwesigwa, LourdelThe study aimed to design a charcoal stove that optimizes energy from the cold start phase, hot start phase, and after cooking for food warming purposes. The study was based on two specific objectives to design a charcoal stove that utilizes fuel efficiently through high conductivity and heat loss prevention mechanisms and to add high heat retention features/accessories to the stove much longer after active cooking has stopped for food warming purposes. It was found that after 4 test runs of the water boiling test; the re-designed efficient charcoal stove had a mean thermal efficiency of 30.3%. This means that 30.3% of the total energy produced by the fuel is used to boil water in the saucepan. Based on its water boiling test results, 76.5% fuel use reduction was achieved over the baseline ceramic charcoal stove. This was attributed to the thermal retention storage properties of steel ball bearings and the heat retention balls. The ceramic covering/ insulation significantly improved the stove’s thermal efficiency by minimizing heat losses. The Re-designed efficient charcoal cooking stove was designed and fabricated using readily available materials like clay, ball bearings, and ceramic tiles. The performance standard and property of this stove showed a substantial improvement in technology and can lessen the pressure put on household incomes and forestry resources. However, further studies including particulate matter(PM) and carbon emissions are recommended for future design improvements to suit general public safety and health standards. Studies on the use of other forms of fuel like briquettes, wood chippings, food peelings, and agricultural harvest wastes could also be conducted to establish fuel alternatives to charcoal.Item Restricted Impact of Teacher Remuneration on the Performance of Learners in Some Selected Secondary Schools in Rukungiri Municipality.(Kabale University, 2024) Tumwine, DominicThis study examined the impact of teacher remuneration on the performance of learners in selected secondary schools in Rukungiri Municipality. Specifically, it identified the different forms of remuneration provided to teachers, explored the effects of good remuneration on learners' performance, and investigated the impact of poor remuneration on academic outcomes. Using a descriptive research design, the study collected data from teachers and school administrators through questionnaires and interviews. The findings aimed to inform policymakers and stakeholders about the significance of teacher remuneration in improving learner performance in secondary education.Item Restricted Uchunguzi wa Sababu za Kuwapo Kwa Wanafunzi Wachache Wanaolichagua Somo la Kiswahili Katika Kiwango Cha “A” Nchini Uganda: Mfano wa Shule za Upili Wilayani Rukungiri.(Kabale University, 2024) Mpobwengye, HorebKatika Tasnifu, mtafiti anaeleza visababishi vya idadi kubwa ya wanafunzi katika shule za upili nchini Uganda kutochukua somo la Kiswahili. Wakati wa kupunguza idadi ya masomo kwa kila mwanafunzi unapofika, wanafunzi huwa na sababu za kimsingi zinazowafanya wapendelee masomo fulani na kuyakataa mengine. Kwa kawaida wanafunzi huwa hawalazimishwi kuchukua masomo fulani. Kila mwanafunzi huwa na uhuru wa kuchagua masomo anayoyapenda. Imebainika wazi kuwa nchini Uganda, wakati wa wanafunzi kupunguza idadi ya masomo unapofika, wengi wao huwa wanaacha somo la Kiswahili. Katika darasa la wanafunzi mia moja, ni wanafunzi kumi au kumi na watano tu ndio wanachukua Kiswahili. Hali hii inatisha sana hasa kwa wapenzi wa Kiswahili. Hivyo basi, mtafiti aliendeleza utafiti huu ili kueleza sababu zinazopelekea wanafunzi kufanya hivyo. Dhamira ya utafiti ni kueleza bayana kwa nini wanafunzi wengi nchini Uganda huwa hawachukui somo la Kiswahili katika kiwango cha “A”. Madhumuni ya utafiti huu ni kueleza mielekeo ya wanafunzi wa shule za sekondari nchini Uganda dhidi ya ujifunzaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili na Kupendekeza njia mbalimbali za kuondokana na sababu za kuwapo kwa wanafunzi wachache wanaolichagua somo la kiswahili katika kiwango cha “A” katika shule za upili wilayani Rukungiri. Katika kazi hii, mkabala wa utafiti ulikuwa wa nyanjani. Kwa kutumia mkabala huu, mtafiti alizuru nyanjani na kuendeleza mahojiano na wahojiwa wake. Utafiti huu umeonyesha kuwa wanafunzi wa shule za sekondari nchini Uganda huwa hawapendelei somo la Kiswahili kwa sababu zifuatazo: kuwepo na sera mbovu nchini kuhusu lugha ya Kiswahili; wanafunzi kutokuwa na msingi wa lugha ya Kiswahili; wanafunzi kuwa na fikra potovu kuwa Kiswahili ni lugha ya wezi; wanafunzi kufikiria kuwa Kiswahili ni somo linalofaa wenzao kutoka Kenya na Uganda; wanafunzi kufikiria kuwa lugha ya Kiswahili ni ngumu;Item Restricted Farmer Groups and Agricultural Development in Nyakabande Sub-County Kisoro District.(Kabale University, 2024) Munyana, MercyThe study examined farmer groups and agricultural development in Nyakabande sub-county Kisoro district. The study was based on three objectives to assess the current agricultural practices in Nyakabande sub-country, Kisoro district, to identify the challenges faced by farmers groups in Nyakabande sub-country, Kisoro district, to explore the opportunities for farmer groups and agricultural development in Nyakabande sub country, Kisoro district. The study used a descriptive research design that aimed at generating information after the incident had occurred; the Qualitative approach included the use of interviews. Data was collected using a questionnaire and interview guide, and simple random and purposive sampling methods were used. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used to analyze data as a sample size of 59 respondents was used. The study revealed current agricultural practices in the Nyakabande sub country, Kisoro district and these included agroforestry practices, shifting cultivation, intensive farming, commercial agriculture, mixed crops, and livestock. The study revealed the opportunities for farmer groups and agricultural development in Nyakabande sub-country, Kisoro district and these included joining associations help farmers to get capital, increased need for coordination in agriculture production, extension and education services, improvement in agriculture production, the effective operation can create farmers group opportunities to get production market, Strengthen farmers market. Lastly, the study revealed the opportunities for farmer groups and agricultural development in Nyakabande sub-country, Kisoro district and these included strengthening the farmers' market, increased need for coordination in agriculture production, extension, and education services, improvement in agriculture production, an effective operation can create farmers group opportunities to get production market, joining associations help farmers to get capital. The study recommended that the facilitators of the farmers' groups must target and educate younger household heads within the region to ensure maximum participation and sustainability of the group.Item Restricted Factors Affecting the Teaching of English Language in Secondary Schools in Buhara Sub-County.(Kabale University, 2024) Musiime, NicholasThe study examined the factors affecting the teaching of English Language in secondary schools in the Buhara Sub-County Kabale District. The objectives of the study were, to identify the specific challenges faced by teachers in effectively delivering the English Language within Buhara Sub-County, to investigate how these challenges impact students learning outcomes and overall English Language proficiency, to recommend evidence-based strategies to address the identified challenges and improve the teaching and learning of English Language in Buhara Sub-County secondary schools. The significance of the study was understanding the factors affecting the teaching of the English Language, as beneficial to various stakeholders involved in the education sector. The methods used in the study were data collection, questionnaire, and interviewing and data collection. The study recommended that teachers should use relevant materials while teaching English Language, and the government should provide enough learning materials to schools.Item Restricted Comparative Study on the Preservation Efficacy of Rosemary Extracts and Conventional Preservatives on Tomatoes.(Kabale University, 2024) Namanya, JonanTomatoes, a vital agricultural commodity, are prone to significant post-harvest losses due to their high perishability. Traditional preservation methods like synthetic chemical preservatives have been effective but raise health concerns. With growing consumer demand for natural and safer food products, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) has emerged as a promising natural preservative due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, its comparative efficacy with conventional preservatives is underexplored. This study presents a comparative analysis of the preservation efficacy of rosemary extracts versus conventional preservatives (sodium benzoate and bacterimycin) on tomatoes. The research aimed to assess the effectiveness of rosemary extracts in maintaining the physiological quality, shelf life, and overall condition of tomatoes during a 14-day storage period. This study evaluated key indicators such as color retention, weight loss, and shelf life in tomatoes treated with rosemary extract at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, alongside conventional preservatives and an untreated control group. The methodology involved visual ratings, and measurements of percentage weight loss. Results indicated that rosemary extract, particularly at 1.0% and 1.5% concentrations, significantly outperformed conventional preservatives, leading to superior color retention and reduced weight loss, with spoilage delayed by up to 12 days. These findings suggest that rosemary extract offers a viable, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic preservatives. The study concludes that rosemary extract is an effective means of preserving tomato quality and recommends further research to explore its application across various fruits and storage conditions, potentially enhancing food preservation strategies.Item Restricted Mchango wa Fasihi Andishi ya Kiswahili Katika Kukuza Stadi za Uandishi Lugha ya Kiswahili kwa Wanafunzi wa Shule za Upili Katika Munisipali ya Kabale Wilayani Kabale.(Kabale University, 2024) Kyasimire, LoyceMada hii inahusisha mchango wa fasihi ya Kiswahili kwa wanafunzi wa shule za upili. Fasihi andishi ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni na elimu, na inachangia pakubwa na uelewa wa wanafunzi.Mbinu za utafiti zilizotumiwa ni mbinu ya maktaba, mbinu ya hojaji, mahojiono, sampuli lengwa, mbinu za ukusanyaji wa data iliyotumika kutafuta data kwa shule za upili mbalimbali, kusoma kazi ya watafiti wengine nakusoma nyaraka mbalimbali katika maktaba ya chuo kikuu cha kabale.Fasi andishi inajumuisha Vitabu, Riwaya, Tamthilia, Hadithi fupi, Novela, Ushairi, na maandiko mengine ambayo yameandikwa kwa lugha ya Kiswahili.Inatoa mifano halisi ya matumizi sahihi ya lugha, muundo wa sentensi, na mbinu mbalimbali za uandishi. kwa wanafunzi wa shule za upili, kusoma fasihi andishi kunaweza kuwasaidia kuelewa vizuri kanuni za uandishi kama vile matumizi ya sarufi sahihi, mtindo wa kuandika, na jinsi ya kuwasilisha Mawazo yao kwa uwazi. Kwa hivyo, mchango wa fasihi andishi kati ka stadi za uandishi ni mkubwa sana. Inachangia si tu katika kuboresha ujuzi wa lugha bali pia inawasaidia wanafunzi kuwa wasomaji bora na waandishi wenye uwezo mkubwa katika jamii.Item Restricted Uchunguzi wa Changamoto za Kufundisha Fasihi ya Kiswahili kwa Wanafunzi wa Kiwango cha Chini Katika Shule za Upili Zilizochaguliwa Wilayani Kabale.(Kabale University, 2024) Nabasa, MacklineUtafiti huu umefanywa Wilayani Kabale. Madhumuni ya utafiti yalikuwa; kuchunguza changamoto za kufundisha fasihi ya Kiswahili Kwa wanafunzi wa kiwango cha chini katika shule zilizochaguliwa wilayani Kabale. Muundo wa uchunguzi na maelezo ulitumiwa. Walengwa walikuwa wanafunzi, walimu wa Kiswahili na walimu wakuu kutoka shule ya upili ya Trinity, shule ya sekondari ya Kabale, shule ya Rock, shule ya Brainstorm. Mbinu ya usampulishaji nasibu ilitumika katika kuchagua sampuli ya idadi ya watu. Mbinu za kukusanya data zilikuwa mahojiano kwa wanafunzi, hojaji kwa walimu wa Kiswahili na walimu wakuu. Data zilikusanywa kutoka shuleni kwa kutumia dodoso iliyoundwa. Kisha data ilichakatwa katika idadi ya wahojiwa, asilimia katika jedwali na maelezo. Matokeo yalikusudiwa kuwaongoza wadau katika kutafuta njia za kuepuka changamoto za kufundisha fasihi ya Kiswahili kwa wanafunzi wa kiwango cha chini. Kutokana na matokeo ya utafiti, mazingira ya kujifunzia na upatikanaji wa nyenzo za kujifunzia huathiri ufundishaji wa fasihi ya Kiswahili. Hata hivyo, utafiti uligundua kuwa mazingira ya kujifunzia bila nyenzo za kujifunzia huathiri ufundishaji wa fasihi ya Kiswahili. Kutokana na hali hiyo, utafiti ulisisitiza kuwa ili kuboresha ufundishaji wa fasihi, vifaa vya kijifunzia viwekewe katika mazingira ya kufundishia, kuanzisha maktaba yenye vifaa vya kutosha. Utafiti unapendekeza mikakati ya kuepuka changamoto za kufundisha fasihi ya Kiswahili kwa wanafunzi wa kiwango cha chini. Sekta ya elimu inapaswa kufadhiliwa ipasavyo ili kuwezesha sekta hiyo kupata vifaa vinavyohitajika ili kufanya ujifunzaji wa fasihi ya Kiswahili uweze kukidhi kiwango cha juu.Item Restricted Investigating Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) Contamination of Street Foods in Manjari Kabale District.(Kabale University, 2024) Unasi, DanielFood borne diseases such as diarrhea and dysentery have been associated with consumption of street-vended foods in many African countries. The study was investigating Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination of the street foods in mwanjari market in nyakiharo, cell, mwanjari parish, kabale municipality. The term "street food" refers to food and beverages that are served by hawkers or other vendors in public areas like parks, marketplaces, and fairs. It is typically offered for quick consumption and served out of a food truck, cart, or portable booth. In general, street foods are less expensive than restaurant meals and fall under the categories of both finger food and fast food. To cater for the high population density in kabale municipality, native people maneuvered to attain sustainability and among food supply was most important to maintain life in these urban areas. In pursuit of food supply, many people in the name of vendors and hawkers came up with relatively cheap and affordable foods sold street and other public places called “street food”. The objectives of the study were to Determine Escherichia coli contamination in street foods in mwanjari kabale municipality, identifying the various street foods sold in mwanjari. A total of six street vended foods were used during the study and were collected from the different food vendors without repetition from the same vendor. Sample collection and analysis was between 1st august- 10th august 2024. 6 sampling bags of 500ml were sterilized in an autoclave at a temperature of 120 0 C for 15 minutes. The researcher moved to mwanjari market to purchase street vended foods randomly between mid-day and 1.00 pm when such foods are most patronized, without repetition from the same vendor while packing each food in sterilized, leak-proof plastic bags or container with transporting medium (buffered peptone water to maintain the viability of microorganisms). The bags were Sealed tightly to prevent leakage and contamination and then labelled with sample information. The bags were placed in a box with ice packs to keep the sample cool (around 4°C) during transport. The foods were transported to the kabale university biology laboratory within 2-4 hours (ideally) and were analyzed. These foods were collected and analyzed and results showed that the food samples were E. coli free though contaminated with other bacterial species whose identity was not established. The most commonly vended street foods were found to be chapati, samosa, fried cassava, roasted meat (muchomo), chopped pineapples, mandazi.Item Restricted Female Participation in Physical Education in Selected Primary School of Kashambya Sub-county Rukiga District.(Kabale University, 2024) Kyinkuhaire, AllenThis study investigated female participation in physical education within selected primary schools of Kashambya Sub-county, Rukiga District. The research adopted a descriptive design and employed a mixed methods approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data collection tools. The sample size was 92 respondents, selected using stratified random sampling. Quantitative data was gathered using structured questionnaires, while interviews and focus group discussions provided qualitative insights. The study revealed that 65% of the respondents rated female participation in physical education as low or very low, with only 35% reporting moderate or high participation. Key factors influencing participation included socio-cultural norms (reported by 72% of respondents as highly influential), inadequate facilities (identified by 68% as inadequate), and low parental support (reported by 56% as unsupportive). The study concluded that addressing these barriers through gender-sensitive programs, improved facilities, and community awareness initiatives could significantly enhance female participation. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to bridge the gender gap in physical education within the study area. Recommendations include training for teachers, improving infrastructure, and involving parents in supporting girls’ participation in physical activities.Item Restricted Uchanganuzi Linganishi wa Nomino za Kiswahili na Zile za Kinyankore- Kikiga.(Kabale University, 2024) Kyomuhendo, SusanUchunguzi huu ulishughulikia mada ya “uchanganuzi linganishi wa nomino za kiswahili na zile za kinyankore kikiga”. Kulikuwa tafiti chache sana ambazo zilikuwa zimefanywa juu ya lugha ya kinyankore kikiga hasa katika uwanja wa nomino. Tena wanafunzi wa shule za upili hawakujua vitengo mbalimbali vinavyojenga maneno na pia aina tofauti za maneno katika lugha yao ya kwanza yaani kinyankore kikiga. Wanafunzi walihakikisha kuwa hawakuwa na vitabu vya kurejelea walipoambiwa kufanya uchunguzi huu na kwa hivyo, kulikuwa haja ya tafiti kama hizi kufanywa na baadaye vitabu kuandikwa kusaidia watu kuelewa na kujifuza lugha zao.Item Restricted Exploration of the Teacher’s Competence in the New Competency Based Curriculum in the Selected Schools in Rukiga District.(Kabale University, 2024) Akatwijuka, MarthaThe study assessed the exploration of teachers' competence in the new competence-based curriculum in Rukiga District. The objectives of the study were to find out if Teachers have the necessary competencies to teach based curriculum and to find out possible remedies of competence curriculum in Rukiga District. A descriptive research design was used and data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. The study results on the impact of self-esteem among students in the study of teachers' competence in the new competency-based curriculum. The highest number of respondents mentioned that the new competence-based curriculum helps teachers to improve their teaching and assessment. The study results on challenges faced by Teachers in Teaching new curriculum. The highest number of respondents mentioned the provision of a conducive environment that builds the relationship between teachers and learners for better results of the new curriculum. The least number of respondents mentioned that students need to be active in the learning of the new curriculum. The study recommended researchers use the available information about the teachers and find out how they find it hard to show commitment to the new competence based curriculum.Item Restricted Impact of Smallholder Tea Production in Buhunga Sub-County Rukungiri District.(Kabale University, 2024) Kyarisiima, LeticiaTea production is a significant contributor to the economy of Uganda, providing employment opportunities for thousands of households and generating substantial foreign exchange earnings. However, little is known about the specific impact of smallholder tea farming on the socio- economic development of local communities. This study aims to assess the impact of smallholder tea production on the socio-economic development of Buhunga Sub-county, Rukungiri District, Uganda. The study employs a mixed-methods research design, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. A structured questionnaire was administered to 200 smallholder tea farmers selected through stratified random sampling. The questionnaire gathered data on demographic characteristics, income levels, investments in education and healthcare, and challenges faced by farmers. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were also conducted with key informants, including community leaders and agricultural extension workers. The findings indicate that tea production generates moderate levels of income for smallholder farmers, with the majority (45%) earning between 500,001 and 1,000,000 UGX annually. This income has a positive impact on household investments in education and healthcare, with an average of 300,000 UGX and 200,000 UGX respectively being spent in these areas. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.78, p < 0.01) between income levels and investments in education, as well as a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.65, p < 0.01) between income levels and healthcare investments. However, smallholder tea farmers face several challenges, including limited access to quality inputs, market price fluctuations, and inadequate infrastructure. Gender disparities were also observed, with female farmers facing barriers in accessing resources and decision-making power. Qualitative insights highlighted the positive impact of tea production on community development, with farmers reporting reinvestment of their earnings into local infrastructure, such as schools and health clinics. The study concludes that while tea production plays a significant role in enhancing household income and socio-economic outcomes, addressing the challenges faced by smallholder farmers and promoting gender equity is crucial for maximizing the benefits of tea farming. By supporting smallholder tea farmers and investing in critical areas like education and healthcare, stakeholders can contribute to sustainable community development in Buhunga Sub-county and beyond.