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Item Embargo A Comparative Study of Vitamin C Concentrations in Two Selected Wild Fruits in Itojo Sub-County Ntungamo District.(Kabale University, 2024) Akankwatsa, MaritherThe human body does not store vitamin C, making it essential to include vitamin C-rich fruits in daily diets for overall health. However, people residing in the rural areas of Itojo sub-county, Ntungamo District, lack access to commonly consumed fruits rich in vitamin C, such as oranges, lemons, and mangoes, as these fruits are typically available in urban market centers where they are sold. Furthermore, rural residents often lack the financial means to purchase such fruits from markets and supermarkets. This research aimed to investigate and compare the vitamin C concentrations in two selected wild fruits: Horn melon (Cucumis metuliferus) and Seed of heaven fruit (Aframomum spp.), which grow naturally in the rural areas of Itojo sub-county, Ntungamo District. The vitamin C concentrations in these fruits were determined through redox titration of vitamin extracts from the wild fruits against potassium iodate solution with a starch indicator. The volume of potassium iodate solution required to reach the endpoint was measured and recorded, allowing calculation of the vitamin C concentrations in the extracts obtained from the wild fruits. The study revealed that the vitamin C concentrations in three different varieties of Horn melon (X1, X2, and X3) were 7.02 mg/100g, 7.39 mg/100g, and 6.49 mg/100g, respectively. In comparison, the concentrations in three varieties of Seed of Heaven fruit (Y1, Y2, and Y3) were 23.23 mg/100g, 21.65 mg/100g, and 24.82 mg/100g, respectively. Thus, the study concluded that the vitamin C concentration in Seed of heaven fruit was nearly three times higher than that in Horn melon fruits.Item Embargo A Comparative Study of Vitamin C Concentrations in Two Selected Wild Fruits in Itojo Sub-County Ntungamo District.(Kabale University, 2024) Akankwatsa, MaritherThe body does not store vitamin C, making it essential to include vitamin C-rich fruits in the daily diet for maintaining good health. In the rural areas of Itojo sub-county, Ntungamo District, access to commonly consumed vitamin C-rich fruits such as oranges, lemons, and mangoes is limited, as these fruits are typically available only in urban market centers where they are sold. Additionally, rural residents often lack the financial resources to purchase these fruits from markets and supermarkets. This research aimed to determine and compare the vitamin C concentrations in two selected wild fruits, Horn melon (Cucumis metuliferus) and Seed of heaven fruit (Aframomum spp), which grow in the wild in rural Itojo sub-county, Ntungamo District. The vitamin C concentrations in the two selected wild fruits were measured using redox titration, where vitamin extracts from the wild fruits were titrated against potassium iodate solution with a starch indicator. The average volume of potassium iodate solution at the endpoint was recorded and used to calculate the vitamin C concentrations in the fruit extracts. The study found that the vitamin C concentration in three varieties of Horn melon (X1, X2, and X3) was 7.02 mg/100g, 7.39 mg/100g, and 6.49 mg/100g respectively. In contrast, the three varieties of Seed of heaven fruit (Y1, Y2, and Y3) had vitamin C concentrations of 23.23 mg/100g, 21.65 mg/100g, and 24.82 mg/100g respectively. Consequently, the study concluded that the vitamin C concentration in Seed of heaven fruits is almost three times higher than that in Horn melon fruits.Item Restricted A Comparative Study on Ascorbic Acid Content of Annas Comosus (Pineapples) and Malus Domestica (Apples) in Kabale Municipality.(Kabale University, 2024) Akankwasa, EdsonThis study aimed to compare the ascorbic acid content of Ananas comosus (pineapples) and Malus domestica (apples) sold in Kabale Municipality. The specific objectives included determining the ascorbic acid concentrations in both fruit types and comparing their levels. A total of 30 samples from each fruit type were analyzed for ascorbic acid content. Descriptive statistics revealed that pineapples had a higher mean ascorbic acid concentration than apples. An independent samples t-test was conducted to assess the significance of the difference in ascorbic acid content between the two fruits. The results indicated a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), confirming that pineapples contained more ascorbic acid than apples. The findings aligned with existing literature that suggests tropical fruits typically have higher vitamin C levels than temperate fruits. These results underscore the importance of fruit selection in dietary planning and highlight pineapples as a superior source of vitamin C. Based on these findings, it is recommended that consumers be educated on the nutritional benefits of pineapples, and farmers should adopt best practices to maintain the ascorbic acid content of their produce.Item Restricted A Discourse Analysis of Radio Call ins In Runyankore-Rukiga.(Kabale University, 2024) Niwamanya, DianaThis study conducted a discourse analysis of radio call-ins in Runyakore Rukiga transcripts to investigate the use of discourse markers to analyze conversation structures and compare them in communication. This study was designed to evaluate the discourse of radio call-ins in Runyakole Rukiga across social, political, and religious contexts. Recordings of a show going on were made and then transcribed into written information The researcher recorded five callers during the chosen shows namely The Wind Down Show, Tumuhimbise, Ekizungilizi, and The Day Blender. The recordings of the five callers in these shows were then translated from the local language which is Runyankore Rukiga to English. The translation was then presented to a bilingual speaker of Runyankore–Rukiga and English for verification and discourse analysis of the data. Analysis of the transcribed data revealed a broad stream of discourse markers. The findings revealed how the conversation structures differ in the different structures. By analyzing the structure of these conversations, we identify patterns and functions of discourse markers, such as turn-taking, topic shifts, and signaling agreement or disagreement. The findings reveal that certain markers are context-specific, with distinct uses in social, political, and religious discussions. For instance, in social contexts, markers like ‘I think’ and ‘you know’ are common, while political discussions often feature markers like ‘in my opinion’ and ‘I believe.’ Religious call-ins show a higher frequency of markers that express reverence or deference, such as ‘Lord’ or ‘bless you.’ This research contributes to our understanding of how discourse markers shape interactions in different social domains and highlights the importance of context in discourse analysis.Item Embargo A Mathematical Model for the Transimission Dynamics of Malaria in Western Uganda: A Case Study of Kabale District.(Kabale University, 2024) Ayebare, DocusThe aim of this research was to construct a mathematical framework describing the transmission dynamics of malaria in western Uganda. Malaria persists as one of the most widespread and deadly human infections globally, caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes during blood feeding. The mathematical model utilized in this study was structured upon the SIER framework. The model incorporated an analysis of both disease-free and endemic equilibrium points to assess their stability. Employing a matrix-based approach, the basic reproduction number R0 was calculated to quantify disease transmission dynamics. The findings indicate that the disease-free equilibrium of the model is stable locally and globally when R0 is less than 1. Conversely, the endemic equilibrium solution of the model was demonstrated to be globally asymptotically stable when R0 exceeds 1.Item Restricted A Re-Designed Efficient Charcoal Stove.(Kabale University, 2024) Mwesigwa, LourdelThe study aimed to design a charcoal stove that optimizes energy from the cold start phase, hot start phase, and after cooking for food warming purposes. The study was based on two specific objectives to design a charcoal stove that utilizes fuel efficiently through high conductivity and heat loss prevention mechanisms and to add high heat retention features/accessories to the stove much longer after active cooking has stopped for food warming purposes. It was found that after 4 test runs of the water boiling test; the re-designed efficient charcoal stove had a mean thermal efficiency of 30.3%. This means that 30.3% of the total energy produced by the fuel is used to boil water in the saucepan. Based on its water boiling test results, 76.5% fuel use reduction was achieved over the baseline ceramic charcoal stove. This was attributed to the thermal retention storage properties of steel ball bearings and the heat retention balls. The ceramic covering/ insulation significantly improved the stove’s thermal efficiency by minimizing heat losses. The Re-designed efficient charcoal cooking stove was designed and fabricated using readily available materials like clay, ball bearings, and ceramic tiles. The performance standard and property of this stove showed a substantial improvement in technology and can lessen the pressure put on household incomes and forestry resources. However, further studies including particulate matter(PM) and carbon emissions are recommended for future design improvements to suit general public safety and health standards. Studies on the use of other forms of fuel like briquettes, wood chippings, food peelings, and agricultural harvest wastes could also be conducted to establish fuel alternatives to charcoal.Item Restricted A Study of Social Class Conflict in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice.(Kabale University, 2024) Atukunda, AtubangiireThis study examined Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice (1813) with a focus on its portrayal of social class conflict and its implications for relationships and personal growth. The novel, set in early 19th-century England, presents a critical view of the social hierarchy through the interactions and development of its characters. This research employs Marxist literary criticism, feminist theory, and sociological theories of social stratification to analyze how Austen’s depiction of class influences characters' choices, marriage prospects, and social mobility. Austen’s narrative, centered around the Bennet family’s struggles with economic pressures and societal expectations, reveals the complexities of class dynamics and gender roles. Key characters, such as Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy, challenge and subvert class norms, illustrating Austen’s critique of superficial social distinctions and her advocacy for personal merit over inherited status. The study highlights how Austen uses satire and irony to address the moral limitations of the class system and to propose a more flexible social order. By exploring critical scenes and character developments, the research underscores the novel’s relevance in contemporary discussions of social justice and equality. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of Austen’s social commentary, enriching the discourse on literature and its reflection of societal values and conflicts.Item Embargo Absenteeism and Academic Performance of Pupils in Selected Primary in Buyanja Sub-County Rukungiri District.(Kabale University, 2023) Twesigye, AbelThe study aimed to examine the effects of absenteeism and academic performance on pupils in selected primary schools in the Buyanja sub-county, Rukungiri district. The study was guided by specific objectives, which included identifying factors contributing to pupil absenteeism, assessing the effects of absenteeism on pupil academic performance, and suggesting potential strategies to reduce absenteeism among pupils in selected primary schools in Buyanja Sub County, Rukungiri District. The study used a mixed research design. In this study, data was collected using questionnaires and key informant interviews. Using simple random and purposive sampling techniques, a total of 100 respondents were selected to participate in the study. A majority (25%) of respondents, the highest number, mentioned that illness was the major cause of pupils' absenteeism in primary schools in the Buyanja sub-county, Rukungiri district. This implies that the majority of the respondents mentioned that absenteeism affects the academic performance of pupils in primary schools in the Buyanja sub-county, Rukungiri district. It was concluded that children more frequently absent in early kindergarten obtained lower working memory and cognitive flexibility scores, as represented by 31 %. The study findings on the possible strategies to reduce absenteeism among pupils in primary schools in the Buyanja subcounty, Rukungiri district indicated that 24% of the respondents mentioned that there should be effective monitoring as a strategy to reduce absenteeism among pupils. The study recommends that policymakers provide incentives or rewards, such as recognition certificates and prizes or gift cards donated by the community, to pupils with good attendance.Item Restricted Achers' Motivation and Students' Academic Performance in C.R.E. In Secondary Schools in Kayonza Sub-County Kanungu District.(Kabale University, 2019) Byamugisha, SergiousThe purpose of this study was to establish teachers' motivation and students' academic performance in CRE in selected secondary schools in the Kayonza Sub-county Kanungu district.Item Restricted An Analysis of Corruption in Uganda Through the Lens of Chinua Achebe's Nolonger At Ease.(Kabale University, 2023) Nankunda, ValarieThe purpose of the study was to analyze corruption in Uganda through the lens of Chinua Achebe.Item Restricted An Analysis of How Mother Tongue(L1) Affects Teaching and Learning English Language(L2) in Schools in Mpondwe-Lhubiriha Town Council Kasese District.(Kabale University, 2024) Kule, JosephatThis study focused on the role of the mother tongue in teaching and learning English, comparing grammatical structures and exploring measures to enhance the quality of English spoken, taught, and learned in schools in Mpondwe-Lhubiriha Town Council. The researcher investigated how the mother tongue influences learners' performance in written English, the effects of the mother tongue on their performance, and strategies to reduce its impact on English language proficiency in Mpondwe-Lhubiriha Town Council schools. Stratified and random sampling techniques were employed to ensure each individual had an equal chance of being included in the sample. Data was collected using a questionnaire, with fifty participants involved. The results revealed that the mother tongue has a significant influence on learners' performance in written English at the primary level, with a clear relationship between the two variables, as evidenced by the subjects' responses in their English language evaluation tests.Item Restricted An Assessment of Landslides Occurrence and its Implications on the Local Community in Kanaba Sub-County Kisoro District.(Kabale University, 2024) Mutendereze, EdsonThis research assessed the occurrence and implications of landslides on the local community in Kanaba Sub-county, Kisoro District, Uganda. Despite efforts in emergency response, systematic research and comprehensive strategies to address the underlying causes and long-term impacts of landslides are limited. The study aimed to determine the relationship between landslide occurrences and their effects on the community, identifying causes, impacts, and control measures. Using a descriptive research design, data was collected through questionnaires and interviews with 66 respondents, including farmers and local officials. Key findings revealed volcanic activity as a primary cause of landslides, with significant impacts on infrastructure, agriculture, and livelihoods. The study emphasized the need for improved early warning systems, resilient infrastructure, and effective community resilience strategies. Recommendations include enhancing early warning systems, improving infrastructure resilience, and implementing proactive control measures to mitigate landslide risks and promote sustainable development practices in the region.Item Restricted An Assessment of Rural Urban Migration and Its Impact on The Development: A Case Study of Rwentuha II Kigarama Sub-County in Sheema District Uganda.(Kabale University, 2022) Natukwasa, RonahThis research report is based on "An Assessment of Rural-Urban Migration and its Impact on the Development: A Case Study of Rwentuha II Kigarama Sub-county Shema district, Uganda''. The study sought to address rural-urban migration and its impact on the development of people CItem Embargo An Assessment of The Factors Affecting Pupils' Performance in English Language in Primary Leaving Examinations in Selected Primary Schools of Southern Division Kabale Municipality Kabale District.(Kabale University, 2023) Tusiime, EmilyThis study sought to assess the factors influencing the performance of English in primary schools in the Southern Division Kabale Municipality Kabale district. The study established the influence of school language policy on pupils' performance in the English language in primary schools in Southern Division, the influence of the availability of teaching and learning resources on pupils' performance in the English language in primary schools in Southern Division, and the influence of evaluation Techniques on pupils' performance in the English language in primary schools in Southern Division. The study employed a descriptive research design. The study sample included 92 teachers and 351 pupils drawn from 10 primary schools in Southern Division. Data collection was done using a questionnaire structured on a Likert scale. The collected data was analyzed in the form of descriptive statistics and findings were presented in tables. The researcher therefore concluded that the school policy on language helps to improve pupils' attitudes which in turn influences their performance in English. The research further concluded that the presence of learning materials was important in enhancing pupils' performance in English. Additionally, the study concluded that appropriate evaluation techniques enhance pupils' performance. The study recommended that the Ministry of Education should provide more training for teachers to improve their teaching methods. Moreover, the school management boards should ensure the provision of teaching and learning materials in the schools. The study further recommended that both the school administration and the teachers should work together to implement the school policy on language to help the pupils develop positive attitudes towards the learning of English.Item Restricted An Examination of the Challenges Faced in the Implementation of the Competence Based Curriculum in Secondary Schools in Uganda.(Kabale University, 2024) Kukundakwe, RuthThe study examined the challenges faced in the implementation of the competence-based curriculum in secondary schools in Uganda; A case study of Rukiga district following the objectives of the study which were to identify the methods used by secondary teachers in teaching the CBC, to examine the availability of materials (financial, library, physical, and instructional) used in competency-based curriculum in schools and to capture teachers’ suggestions for improvement. The study adopted descriptive research design using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A sample of 302 respondents was used for the study and data collection tools were both interviews and questionnaires. The results of the study revealed that a significant portion of teachers (62%) incorporate PBL into their teaching. However, a noticeable percentage (28%) are either unsure or disagree with using this method, suggesting variability in adoption or possibly a lack of training or resources for effective implementation. The study concluded that secondary teachers employ a range of instructional methods to implement CBC, including Project-Based Learning, Inquiry-Based Learning, Collaborative Learning, the Flipped Classroom Model, and Differentiated Instruction. The majority of teachers recognize the benefits of these methods, though there is variability in their application. While Project-Based Learning, Inquiry-Based Learning, and Collaborative Learning are widely used, some teachers face challenges with the Flipped Classroom Model and Differentiated Instruction. The study recommended that there is a need for more targeted training and support to ensure consistent and effective use of these pedagogical approaches and government should allocate sufficient resources, including materials, technology, and infrastructure, to support the successful delivery of the CBC.Item Embargo An Exploration of Jonathan Swift's Use of Satire in Portraying The Problems of The Poor in Ireland in a Modest Proposal.(Kabale University, 2022) Kazigye, DoreenThe purpose of this study was to explore how Jonathan Swift uses satire in portraying the problems of the poor in Ireland.Item Restricted An Investigation on the Effect of Aloe Vera (Brevicoryne Brassicae) Extract on Cabbage Aphids.(Kabale University, 2024) Ssembwere, SailamCabbage aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae) are significant pests of brassica crops worldwide, causing substantial economic losses. Overusing synthetic insecticides has led to environmental concerns and the development of insecticide-resistant aphid populations. This study investigated the efficacy of aloe vera extract as a natural insecticide against cabbage aphids. The results showed that aloe vera extract exhibited significant insecticidal activity against cabbage aphids, with the highest mortality rate of 70% observed at a concentration of 15% after 6 hours of application. The rate of action of aloe vera extract was found to be concentration-dependent, and the optimal concentration was determined to be 15%. These findings suggest that aloe vera extract is a promising natural insecticide for controlling cabbage aphid populations, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides. Further research is recommended to explore the potential of aloe vera extract in controlling other insect pests and to develop effective formulations for commercial use.Item Restricted An Ultrasonic Based Garbage Management Dustbin.(Kabale University, 2024) Matovu, DamazoAs a fast-growing country in the world, Uganda faces a major problem in waste management. As of now, there are traditional waste management systems like periodic and routine clearing by the various civic bodies like the city council authorities, municipal corporation, town council cleaners and others. But even though this routine maintenance is carried out, we often come across overflowing garbage bins from which the garbage spills onto the streets.T he main problem in the current waste management system in most of the Ugandan cities is the unhealthy status of dustbins. In this research, there has been an upgrade in the trivial and vital components of the urban waste management system, i.e. dustbin. The basic idea behind the project is to implement a smart way of handling garbage, which is done by using the smart ultrasonic protocol to detect the presence of the user. The ultrasonic sensor detects the obstacle in front of the dustbin and calculates the object’s distance from the sensor, which is compared with the threshold distance in the microcontroller circuit of the Arduino UNO. Once this distance is less than the threshold, the microcontroller commands the servo motor to rotate through an angle of 90 degrees thereby opening the dustbin for the user. The Arduino UNO board was powered with an external power supply of 12 V. When an object is in front of the sensor at a distance of less than or equal to 20cm, the smart dustbin opens automatically and it remains open for as long as the object remains in front of the sensor. When an object is beyond 20cm away from the sensor, the smart dustbin remains closed. The quantity of garbage the dustbin can hold depends on the plastic container used.Item Restricted Application of the Critical Path Method in Project Planning and Management.(Kabale University, 2024) Kateu, VictorProject success can be hardly achieved without planning, scheduling, and estimating its duration for completion. However, even when that is so, most of the projects in Uganda are run without proper planning, and if planning is done, it is often carried out using approaches that are not effective enough to guarantee accuracy. All projects must have a deadline for their completion, but not every project goes as scheduled. This calls for the application of scientific methods such as CPM, often very useful in project management and scheduling. This study was on the application of the Critical Path Method (CPM) in project planning and management, taking a case study of the Kabale University multipurpose building construction project at the engineering faculty in Kekubo. The analytical research design was adopted for the study as the design suits the study at hand. Secondary data on the activities, their descriptions, and predecessor as well as their duration were obtained from the construction site. A weighted digraph was drawn to represent the relationship between the activities, the weights on each arrow (edge) represented the duration of the project, and vertices (nodes) represented the various activities. The longest path algorithm was then applied to establish the duration of the project and the critical path activities. These results were the same as those obtained using the CPM which gave us all critical activities and their total slacks. The results show that if CPM is applied to the project, the project can be completed in 321 days compared to the initial duration of 185 days proposed by the client. This calls for measures to be undertaken by the contractor since the project will be delayed by 136 days following the normal schedule. We recommend that CPM should be used in a building construction company before embarking on the building, that way, crashing can be done and proper resource allocation can be done to ensure successful project completion. The construction firm should devote more resources, labor, and equipment to the critical path to avoid unnecessary delay and penalties where possible.Item Restricted Application of the Natural Decomposition Method to Strongly Coupled Partial Differential Equations: The Gray-Scott Model.(Kabale University, 2024) Nsingwire, GodwinThis study investigated the application of the natural decomposition method for solving the Gray-Scott reaction-diffusion model, which is known for its complex nonlinearities and strong coupling between chemical species. A general form of the natural decomposition method was developed to address these complexities, providing a systematic framework for analyzing the model's behavior. By decomposing the nonlinear partial differential equations into a series of simpler equations, the method facilitates both analytical and numerical solutions, allowing for a detailed examination of the spatiotemporal patterns that emerge. Numerical techniques, such as the Newton-Raphson method, were integrated to handle the nonlinear algebraic equations, particularly those involving the term𝑢𝑣2. The results show that the natural decomposition method effectively captures the intricate dynamics of the Gray-Scott model, demonstrating good convergence for specified initial conditions and parameter values. Sensitivity analysis further revealed that even small changes in initial conditions could significantly affect chemical concentration patterns, underscoring the need for accurate parameter settings. While this study employed a fixed parameter approach, it also recommends exploring the infinite series solution to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the system's dynamics. Overall, the natural decomposition method proves to be a robust and versatile tool, offering both analytical clarity and computational efficiency in modeling complex chemical and biological systems governed by nonlinear partial differential equations.