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Item Open Access Access of Women to Higher Education in Uganda: An Analysis of Inequalities, Barriers and Determinants(University of London Institute of Education, 1993) Kwesiga, Joy ConstanceThe study analyses factors affecting women's access to higher education in Uganda, where women are under-represented at all levels of education, as students, teachers, and managers. This reflects women's low status in Ugandan society. The conceptual framework is derived from literature covering Women in Development, the human capital concept of investment in education, the indirect benefits of educating women, and social theories of gender inequality. Literature on general educational access factors, mainly focusing on Sub-Saharan Africa is reviewed, using Hyde's (1991) three-fold classification of family, societal, and institutional factors. A sample of four primary schools, sixteen advanced level secondary schools and eleven higher education institutions provided empirical data. A crosssection of over 600 Ugandan students, teachers in secondary schools and higher education institutions, political and civic leaders and parents responded to questionnaires. Decision-makers at sample institutions and the Ministry of Education headquarters were interviewed, and documentary analysis also covered official reports, documents and records, previous research and the mass media. Although focus is on the higher education level, lower levels are investigated to provide insight into causes of diminishing numbers of female students as one climbs the educational ladder. The central conclusion is that the family, society and the state in Uganda act as if they are constantly weighing the profitability of investing in boys' or girls' education, albeit not in the conventional way of measuring earnings of educated workers, but rather assessing the future functional value of the individual. Lower status within the family structure, lower perceived social value, exacerbated by general economic constraints and inadequate educational structures make girls' education, particularly higher education, appear less profitable than that of boys. This obscures the indirect benefits that families and society would reap from higher rates of female participation in education.Item Open Access Role of Rewards Management on Employee Performance in the Banking Sector.(Uganda Management Institute, 2011) Alex, KanyesimeThe study topic was to examine the role of rewards management on employee performance in the banking sector, using a case study of centenary bank. The study was conducted basing on the following objectives; to investigate the impact of fringe benefits on employee performance, to examine the contribution of pay incentives on employee performance, to establish the contribution of job satisfaction on employee performance, to establish the influence of sense of belongingness on employee performance and to establish the effect of organization policy on the performance of employees in the banking sector in Uganda. The research design was a case study design which adopted both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Simple random sampling technique and purposive sampling were used to select a sample size of 129 respondents of which it was composed of management members and employees. Data collection methods used was questionnaire and interviews. Data were later processed, analyzed, interpreted, discussed and presented to come up with conclusions and recommendations of the study. The findings of the study were that; pay incentives improve employee performance, there is high level employee belongingness and recognition which was attributed to improved performance of employees, employees were satisfied with their jobs they held which contributed to the improved performance of employees, and, the organization’s policies were friendly which greatly improved on the performance of employees in the banking sector in Uganda. The study concluded that; rewards which included pay incentives, fringe benefits, job satisfaction, employee recognition plus organizational policies influenced employee performance in centenary bank leading to effective utilization of resources, quality service delivery and meeting deadlines. The study recommended that; conducting a national drive and public sensitization about all the new services like internet banking, government intervention, employee training and development, extensive research and development, and, ensuring local community involvement in decision making like on the new services be introducedItem Open Access Decentralized Planning, Budgeting and Service Delivery in Local Governments. A Case Study of Health and Education Services in Musanze District, Rwanda.(Kabale University, 2011) Samson, ManiragabaAccess to quality Health and Education services is critical to socioeconomic welfare and advancement of rural areas. The motivation for this study was to investigate key factors related to health and education services delivery particularly in relation to local government planning and budgeting for effective management local government revenues and expenditure on these services. The study was based on the following objectives: to examine the impact of decentralized planning, budgeting on health and education services delivery, to analyze the relationship between participatory planning, budgeting and delivery of health and education services; to assess the challenges encountered in decentralized planning, budgeting for effective health and education service delivery; to analyze strategies of improving decentralized planning, budgeting for effective delivery of health and education services. The research methodology employed a descriptive research design. The study was based on positivism orientation since it was not purely quantitative based, with a need of qualitative data. The target population of the study consists of 628 respondents. A sample was taken from each category using the Solvein’s formula to arrive at the minimum sample size of 244. The sampling methods used included purposive and simple random sampling. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected using interview guide and questionnaire respectively. Thus, the overall results determined by percentage for the level of effective decentralized planning and budgeting in terms of effective financial planning and budgeting, fiscal accountability and transparency has effect on delivery of health and education services delivery in Musanze district was (77.9%). The major results further indicates that, there was a significant relationship between the decentralized planning and budgeting and delivery of health and education services which was very satisfactory (76.8%). The recommendations were that the central government of Rwanda fund adequately and timely monitor the utilization of funds by local governments. Districts should improve on effective planning, budgeting in order to improve on social economic welfare of the people.Item Open Access Procurement Process and The Performance of Government Funded Projects: A Case Study of Rulindo District Local Government, Rwanda(Kabale University, 2011) Perpetue, KamuyumbuThe study focused on the procurement process and the performance of government-funded projects, using a case study of the Rulindo District local government in Rwanda. Its primary goal was to investigate the procurement process used by local governments to obtain goods, works, and services. Its specific objectives were to analyse factors that affect the public procurement process of government projects in Rulindo district local government, explain gaps in the procurement process and their effect on the success of government-funded projects in Rulindo district local government, discuss the support provided by the Rwanda Public Procurement Authority (RPPA) to Rulindo district local government, explore the time it takes Rulindo district local government to complete government-funded projects, and identify possible causes of delays in the public procurement process of government-funded projects in Rulindo district local government. Using survey design, it was possible to get a variety of views and opinions from procurement officers, who were sampled and selected both purposefully and by simple random sampling techniques. The views, opinions, attitudes, and experiences of respondents were obtained using a questionnaire as the main instrument. The study revealed that there were delays in public procurement due to the procurement law itself, budget constraints, a lack of qualified personnel in public procurement, a lack of procurement plans, the financial capacity of contractors, bureaucracy, and a lack of monitoring of awarded tenders. Local governments were recommended to develop annual procurement plans based on the availability of funds, look for qualified personnel and define mechanisms for retaining them, and develop a monitoring framework that would allow them to better monitor procurementItem Open Access Contribution of Savings and Internal Lending Communities to the Youth Livelihood in Rwanda: The Case of Gikongoro Diocese Project 2006-2010(Kabale University, 2011) Jacques, SezikeyeThis study set out to assess the socio-economic impact of SILC on youth livelihood development through the increase in access to finances to boost business and income-generating activities within rural settings in Rwanda, as well as looking at possible challenges and limitations for a proper recommendation that may result in the expansion of several youth groups. The study's objectives were to assess the social economic impact of SILC on youth livelihood development in Gikongoro diocese, to determine whether SILC has increased youth access to financial services, and to determine the influence of SILC on youth starting small businesses.The study employed qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection, which included the use of questionnaires, the use of interview methods, observation, and also documentary methods while in the field. The findings were obtained, interpreted, discussed, and analyzed, and then later summarized in tables. The researcher went ahead to give a summary of the findings, conclusion, and recommendations of the report as they were given by the respondents. The findings clearly showed that savings and internal lending communities have a great impact on youth livelihood development in Gikongoro diocese in that they help in diversifying livelihood income strategies and financial assets. Also, they increase individual wealth and allow members to invest money in income-generating assets, though they face some problems in trying to enhance financial access to the youth, like corruption among the members of the groups, a lack of knowledge to handle finance issues among the youth since most of them are school dropouts, poor management accountability of funds given to many youth, and a failure to make proper decisions among many youth; but in a nutshell, they have contributed greatly towards improving the living standards of the youth in Gikongoro diocese.Item Open Access The Effects of Poor Garbage Disposal Community Health: A Case Study of Kisoro Town Council Kisoro District(Kabale University, 2011) John, BizimanaThis study investigated the effects of poor garbage disposal on community health in Kisoro town council in Kisoro district. The major objectives of the study were; to identify garbage disposal practices in Kisoro town council, establish the causes of poor garbage disposal in Kisoro town council in Kisoro town council in district, establish the effects of poor garbage disposal on community health in Kisoro town council in Kisoro district and suggest ways of improving garbage management and community health in Kisoro town council, Kisoro district. The study employed qualitative methods of data collection which included in –depth interview use of questionnaire and documentary method among others. The study was cross sectional in nature in the area of study. The study examined the key findings of the study which included; garbage disposal practices in Kisoro town council to include: burning in open space, taking to garbage pits, composting and ignoring among others. The study further established the causes of poor garbage disposal in Kisoro town council among which included: ignorance, cost effectiveness and long distances of garbage skips. The study also remarked effects of poor garbage disposal on community health in Kisoro town council in Kisoro district such as: however, various measures were suggested such as strict rules and policies, penalties and fines. However, it was noted that for effective management of garbage and community health, there should be massive sensitization and education of the public so as to make them change their attitudes towards garbage disposal and sanitation.Item Embargo The Significance of Filing Records towards Development of Secondary Schools: A Case study of Kabale Secondary School.(Kabale University, 2011) Marion Sincere, AhumuzaThe topic of the study is significance of filing records towards the development of secondary schools: a case study of Kabale secondary school, Kabale District. The respondents that were contacted included; students, Head Teacher and Filing clerk. The research aimed at knowing the significance of filing towards the development of secondary schools with KABSCO inclusive. The researcher wanted to find out how records are filed, types of records filed and filing classifications systems used, problems associated with filing and find the solutions to them. Using questionnaires, interview and observation, the researcher collected quality data from the respondents. Questionnaires were used to obtain data from the Head Master, Filing clerk and students. Data was collected, presented, interpreted and categorized in frequency tables and pie charts. It was found out that filing plays a vital role in the development of secondary schools. Based on the findings and conclusions of the study. Researcher recommends that there is need to keep records and file them for effective and efficient delivery of serviceItem Open Access Poverty and Academic Performance of primary Schools in Kabale Municipality.(Kabale University, 2012) Justus, NiwagabaThe study was on the effect of poverty on academic performance in municipality schools of Kabale district. The study was carried out under three objectives; to find out how the home environment of the child affect his/her academic performance; to establish how poor feeding of the child affects his/her performance and how inadequate scholastic materials affect the pupils’ academic performance. The study was conducted using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The sample size of the study included; 1 inspector of schools, 5 head teachers, 36 teachers, 8 PTA members and 40 pupils. The sample study was selected using purposive and simple random sampling techniques and data was collected using observation check list, interviews and questionnaires. Data was described, presented using tables and analyzed using percentages in drawing conclusions and recommendations. The findings indicated that the home environment of the child had a direct bearing on his/ her academic performance. Families with conducive and flexible learning environments provided the pupils with reading and writing skills which were benchmarks for good performances. The study also found out that the educational level of the parents, number of members in the family and the parent’s marital status attributed to the child’s behavior, attitude towards education and academic performance. On feeding of pupils, the study found out that every pupil deserved good feeding at school and at home. Therefore the quality, quantity of food served, when and how much is served had a direct bearing on the pupil’s performance in all the schools. On inadequate scholastic materials, the study found out that most schools lacked the basic teaching and learning materials like text books, classrooms, desks, libraries, offices and good toilets, notebooks, pens, mathematical tools, maps, Graphs and other curricula copies in almost all the schools. The study concluded that the absence of scholastic materials affected the over- all performance in schools. On home environment, the study recommended for more sensitization on the parents through work- shops, seminars and meetings on the relevant conditions or the provision of flexible environment both at school and at home. On feeding of pupils, the study recommended for the feeding of children on a well -balanced diet. The quality and quantity of foods taken by the child have a direct bearing on academic performance. The study also recommended for the provision of adequate scholastic materials like uniforms, text books, pens, pencils, mathematical sets, maps, graphs, charts, libraries and good structures. Their adequacy had a direct bearing on the pupils’ academic performance.Item Open Access Marketing Cooperatives and sustainable Agricultural development in Rulindo District, Rwanda(Kabale University, 2012) Nkubito, Habyarimana Jean PierreThe study examined the contribution of marketing cooperatives in sustaining the development of agriculture in Rulindo district of Rwanda. The objectives of the study were; to identify activities and services of marketing cooperatives – driven agriculture that are leading to sustainable agricultural development in Rulindo district, to analyse the perceptions of marketing cooperatives members toward agricultural marketing cooperatives activities and services improvement in Rulindo district, to examine the contribution of marketing cooperatives to the socio-economic development and environmental management by rural farmers in Rulindo district, to identify challenges to the development of marketing cooperatives-driven Agriculture, in Rulindo district. The literature was reviewed in lines with objectives. The methodology used in this study included, descriptive survey design with qualitative and quantitative data collection approaches, questionnaire and sampling. The data was collected from a sample population of 95 members randomly selected from thirteen marketing cooperatives –driven agriculture; one Agro dealers marketing cooperatives, five Crops production and marketing cooperatives, five Livestock production and marketing cooperatives, one Crops and livestock production and marketing cooperatives and one Environment conservation and management marketing cooperatives. Randomly selected agricultural marketing cooperatives are located in five district zones; North, South, Central, West and East and in the respective five sectors; Cyungo, Shyorongi, Mbogo, Burega, and Bushoki; each sector in each district zone. The findings revealed that the agricultural marketing cooperatives addressed in the study made considerable socio-economic and environmental contribution to the sustainability of agricultural development and to the well being of their members. Members felt optimistic that marketing cooperatives activities and services brought some sort of improvement in the sustainability of agricultural development and in the living condition of the people in their community and wish the marketing cooperatives activities and services to expand. Challenges encountered by agricultural marketing cooperatives towards sustaining the development of agriculture in Rulindo district were identified and categorized into five sections; organizational or internal, external, infrastructural, natural and socio-cultural and economic challenges. The most important of them were: limited Capacity on management of agricultural marketing cooperatives, inadequate initial capital, lack of transparency and accountability, low price of farm produces, high cost of production, low linkage with financial institution, small and fragmented farm holdings, lack of market structure, lack of storage and transportation facility, lack of access, usage and ownership of ICTs, climate change, inappropriate distribution of agricultural assets and population pressure on land resources. The study recommends that collective savings action is encouraged because it strengthens members’ market position, bargaining power, lobbying power, meeting their household consumption needs and enhancing potential income generating capacity together with investing on own education and health care requirements.Item Open Access Community Participation and the sustainability of Development projects: A case Study of Essential Nutrition and Health package Project in Kabuga, Gasabo District, Rwanda.(Kabale University, 2012) Bernard, BayaseseThe study sought to examine the extent to which community participation contributed to the improvement of design and implementation of development projects and their sustainability. The specific objectives of the study were to examine modalities for community participation in development projects, to analyze the benefits of community participation and how participation leads to sustainability of development projects, to establish the conditions required for achieving sustainability of development projects through community or participation and to examine the challenges faced by the community in sustaining development projects. The study adopted four research questions namely: what are the modalities for community participation in development projects, what are the benefits of community participation and how participation leads to sustainability, what are the conditions required for achieving sustainability of development projects through community or participation and what are the challenges being faced by the community in sustaining community development projects. The study adopted a case study research design because it was more appropriate for this research. The study collected data from a sample of 367 who were selected randomly out of a population of 7982. Data was collected through the use of literature review, interviews and questionnaires. Data was analyzed using SPSS software and presented in tables. Ethical guidelines were followed in the study including obtained informed concept from the respondents and getting ethical clearance from Kabale University. Findings also revealed that the respondents participated in projects in a number of ways including identification of stakeholders, participation in the identification of their needs and directing the goals of the ENHP project, information dissemination among others. It was also revealed that local participation of the community in projects benefited both the projects and the community through better designs; cost effectiveness, less corruption, equitable distribution of resources among others. It was revealed that after the project closure, the local communities maintained the projects through development of levies at a flat rate, voluntary contributions, and contribution of materials among others. The study concluded that community participation in projects greatly contributes to the sustainability of projects. It also concluded that the community participates through consultations, taking part in project design, organizing and implementing activities. The study recommended that communities should be empowered through training and equipping them with management skills in order to sustain projects effectively. It also recommended that open accountability of resources should be encouraged so that communities can build and support projects effectively by contributing money.Item Open Access Naads and Poverty Reduction in Kabale District(Kabale University, 2012) Matthew, JimtexkuuleUsing a case study of the Uganda National Agricultural Advisory Services in Kabale district, this study sought to investigate the perceptions of farmers on beneficiary participation, analyse the effect of farmer participation on NAADS program performance, investigate the factors affecting beneficiary participation and to suggest best practices for beneficiary participation. A randomly selected sample of 368 farmers from five NAADs program participating sub-counties were interviewed using an interview guide designed to address the study objectives. Additional information on the study objectives was obtained from five sub-county NAADS extension staff of the selected sub-counties, the Kabale district NAADS Coordinator and the Kabale district production officer. Results showed that most of the households had married household heads in the age bracket 25-54 years and less than half of household’s members had not attained formal education. Sorghum, beans, sweet potatoes and solanum potatoes are the main crop enterprises, while goats, poultry and piggery are the main livestock species kept. Regarding farmer perceptions of NAADS program, most of the respondents were satisfied with the way information was being shared among beneficiaries, with the way consultations were being made and the way the NAADS program promoted collaboration. However, less than half of the respondents were satisfied with the empowerment that the program gave. Generally, participation in the NAADS program resulted in increased crop and livestock productivity as well as improved household incomes and welfare. The key factors affecting participation were identified as purpose of the project, institution hosting the project, sex of beneficiary, membership to organized groups and, communication and information sharing. The study recommended that a regulatory frame work for beneficiary participation should be in place, that regular feedback should be provided by project managers, removal of corrupt project leaders, involve beneficiaries from beginning to end and beneficiary participation in all decisions. The study also recommended further research to investigate critical roles of all relevant beneficiaries that were not covered by the present study.Item Open Access The Contribution of Tour Companies Towards the Development of the Tourism Industry in Rwanda: A Case Study of Primate Safari Tour Company(Kabale University, 2012) Diogene, HabimanaThe study was carried out on the contribution of tour companies towards the development of the tourism industry in Rwanda with a case of primate safari Tour Company. The objectives of the study were; to find out the contribution of tour companies towards the development of the tourism industry in Rwanda; to establish the challenges faced by tour companies in the development of the tourism industry in Rwanda; and establish the strategies to address the challenges faced by tour companies in the development of the tourism industry in Rwanda The research was conducted as a quantitative and qualitative case study. In depth structured and unstructured questionnaire and interview guide were employed the contribution of tour companies towards the development of the tourism industry in Rwanda with a case study of promote safari tour company. The findings revealed that tour companies had towards the development of the tourism industry in Rwanda. This revealed by respondents who were contacted for information regarding the topic. Respondents revealed that tourism had contributed to employment opportunities, income and promoted the development of infrastructure in the area of jurisdiction It was recommended that political stability throughout the country as to encourage more tourist visiting the country. Develop strategies and policies that are aimed at developing tourism industry in Rwanda and encourage more tourists in the country. Diversify tourism industry and reduce over reliance on gorilla tourism by introducing and discovering more tourist attractions like birding and canoeing.Item Embargo Management of Active Records in Referral Hospitals: A Case Study of Kisoro Hospital.(Kabale University, 2012) Hashakimana, ObedThis research was carried out under the topic "management of active records in Referral Hospitals. The case study was Kisoro Hospital. Interview and observation methods were used 18 respondents were involved in the data collection. These included; three records officers, seven Nurses, and eight patients. The data was collected, analyzed, and computed to determine the challenges records departments meet in their daily activities resulting from their storage types of equipment usage. The result of the study showed that most hospitals still use old-fashioned storage types of equipment and computers are still rare in the Records departments' offices. Although it was noticed that records officers knew their roles and responsibilities, they still needed constant workshops and training to keep them up-to-date about advanced technology in keeping medical records. In conclusion, therefore, the storage types of equipment being used records department should be upgraded and computer networks are required for the smooth running of daily activities. According to (Parish Paud: 1990), it is advisable to seek the assistance of a knowledgeable consultant when setting up and monitoring such a project as managing and maintaining active records. Finally, it is premature for any, except the most sophisticated depositaries with highly trained personnel to consider digitization. While much has been learned by several project impacts, too little is known about archiving cost transferability of data and other factors to make it a practicable option for the ordinary repository (Parish Paud: 1990)Item Embargo Relevance of Records Management in Delivery of Health Services in Health Centers: A Case Study Kabale Regional Referral Hospital.(Kabale University, 2012) Tumusiime, IreneThe research study was about the role played by records management in the delivery of services in hospitals and was carried out at Kabale Regional Referral Hospital. The objectives of the study were; to identify the kinds of records created and kept at the Hospital, to find out the filing systems and storage types of equipment used at the hospital, to establish the challenges faced in managing records at the hospital, and to suggest possible solutions to the problems. Data was collected from 8 respondents under the guidance of questionnaires, observations, and interviews. The study revealed that the kinds of records created and kept include; Patient records, financial records, and, administrative records. The filing systems used at the hospital are Alphabetic, Numerical, and Chronological filling systems. The storage types of equipment used are open shelves, computers, boxes, cupboards, file folders, and file cabinets. The challenges faced in managing the records include; limited space, misfiling, staff shortage, insufficient storage equipment, and poor folder materials. Solutions include the use of passwords, ant viruses, using box files, job training, and preservation and conservation.Item Open Access Factors affecting Academic Performance of Primary Schools in Ikumba Subcounty, Kabale District.(Kabale University, 2013) Christopher, MusinguziThis study was designed to investigate factors affecting academic performance of primary schools in Ikumba sub-county. Emphasis was put on trying to establish the effect of parents’ provision of scholastic materials, teacher quality and homework on pupils’ academic performance in primary schools in Ikumba sub-county Kabale district. The study employed a cross sectional survey design. It ensured that sub groups within the population were represented proportionally within the sample. The validity and reliability of research instruments was established and data was collected from 186 respondents consisting of 120 pupils, 60 teachers and 6 head teachers using the simple random sampling method. To analyze data chi square goodness of fit (x2) test was used with the aim of establishing the relationship between parents’ provision of scholastic materials, teacher quality, homework and academic performance of pupils in primary schools in Ikumba sub-county. The findings showed the existence of a significant relationship between parents’ provision of scholastic materials, teacher quality, homework and academic performance. On the basis of the findings, the study concluded that If all the parents of Ikumba sub-county provided scholastic materials, the children could perform well because these helped the children acquire knowledge, skills, and make learners ready to learn. Quality teachers did also matter. Committed, competent and knowledgeable teachers produced better learning and pupils benefit a lot from them. Most parents helped pupils in doing homework which was very important for academic performance of children because it improved the children’s weak areas and sharpened their minds. Head teachers should regularly conduct school based continuous professional development courses (CPDs) for teachers in order to maintain and update the quality and competence of teachers. Parents should provide conducive places for pupils to do home work from home in order to help them concentrate and do their homework well.Item Open Access Monitoring and Evaluation as Key Factor in Performance of Health Institutions, A Case Study of Kigali Health Institute, Kigali Rwanda.(Kabale University, 2013) Jean, PierrekwizeraWithin this study the researcher reports the findings on the investigation conducted on the contribution of monitoring and evaluation towards the performance in Health Institutions a case study of Kigali Health Institute, Kigali Rwanda. The sample of the study was composed by male and female of lecturers and students from Kigali Health Institute. The problem of this study was that monitoring and evaluation tools still face many challenges and have not offer enough and suitable information about performance in health institutions. Aim of the study was to investigate the contribution of monitoring and evaluation to the performance of health institutions in Rwanda. The data were collected by using a questionnaire. The study found that 79% of respondents says that monitoring and evaluation system is quality assurance 13% is assessment and research done on the performance and 8%says that monitoring and evaluation system used by KHI is evaluation of course design.85% of respondents says that the system generate information from student’s lecture evaluation form. 15%of respondents says that information is from the field where students who graduates from KHI works.94% of respondents from lecturers and staff and 89% of respondents from students say that monitoring and evaluation system has contributed to the performance of KHI. The following factors positively aspects on the monitoring and evaluation system has enhanced its performance: student’s failure and repeaters are very minimal, curriculum review and student –teacher assessment. After analyzing and presentation of the data the researcher discovers that results found are similar. According to what other authors said Monitoring and evaluation are complementary. The researcher recommended a need to enlarge the work not only Lecturers and students but also all Rwandan categories. The study recommended KHI as well as MINEDUC that they should have serious measures to introduce national policy in monitoring and evaluation system and different stakeholders should work hand in hand with KHI and other highlighted contributors so that the performance is taken as a priority among other program at KHI.Item Open Access The Role of Internal Audit Function in the Performance of Rwanda Mutual Health Insurance Fund. Case of Gicumbi District(Kabale University, 2013) Bizimungu, JeanThis study was carried out on the role of the internal audit function in the performance of the Anda Mutual Health Insurance Fund in the case of Gicumbi District. The study sought to examine and assess the impact of the internal audit function on the performance of the Anda.Health Insurance Fund in Rwanda It was also to highlight the role played by internal auditing in achieving the goals of the Mutual Health Insurance Fund of the Gicumbi District and to verify the internal controls used by MHIF in implementing the Mutual Health Insurance Fund in the Gicumbi District. The Mutual Health Insurance Fund of Gicurnbi District has caught the attention of the internal audit system is an effective tool for performance amelioration and is considered a victory to escape mismanagement. In the Rwandan context, this same initiative and hope have been emphasized in the country's mismanagement reduction strategy papers. The study took the case of Gicumbi District, which was one of 30 districts in Kwanda. To achieve the study's objectives, 50 MHIF staff members from two branches in the Gicumbi District were interviewed.Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data, books from libraries, and other documents. used to collect secondary data. It has been found that the Internal Audit Unit can assist the MHIF in maintaining its profitability without compromising its sustainability. As a result, the study recommended that, in order to achieve quality performance from MHIFs in Rwanda, the government, MHIF administrators, and other stakeholder groups ensure effective internal control. The conclusion was that the internal audit function is a necessary requirement, and suggestions were made that the Rwandan government enhance this service to cover the performance of mutual health insurance funds.Item Open Access Corporate governance and organizational Performance: A case of Institut Polytechnique De Byumba, Rwanda.(Kabale University, 2013) Bonaventure, TwagirumugabeThe performance of firms and the way they are governed worldwide have attracted great deal of attention in the past decades owing to corporate failures. This study was examined the relationship between corporate governance and organizational performance. Unlike most studies on corporate governance which predominantly use only financial variables affecting governance, the study took a different approach by using non-financial variables. This combined set of variables was used for theoretical and empirical models. Based on the extended literature, the researcher developed a conceptual framework and a set of hypotheses to examine the relationship between corporate governance and organizational performance. Board characteristics considered in this research include board size, board of director role, gender diversity, and educational qualification of board members and decision making and implementation. It adopted quantitative methodological framework through which the primary data collected from a sample of 124 respondents involving 108 employees and 16 board members at IPB and were analyzed using both regression and correlation analysis techniques to find the relationship between corporate governance and organizational performance on one hand and the degree of relationship between corporate governance and organizational performance. The findings shows that large board size, board skill, management skill, longer serving, decision making and implementation are positively associated with the performance of organizations. Organizations are encouraged to adopt good corporate governance practices to improve their performance and also to protect the interest of the shareholders.Item Open Access Communication Technologies and Tourism development in and around Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda.(Kabale University, 2013) Eugene, KagayanoThe study aimed at exploring the effect of communication technologies on tourism development in Nyungwe National park, Rwanda. The study was guided by three objectives namely; to identify the various communication technologies facilities that harness tourism around Nyungwe National park; to establish the ways in which communication technologies had led to tourism development of Nyungwe National park, Rwanda and to suggest possible intervention measures for effective communication technologies for sustainable tourism development in Nyungwe National park in Rwanda. The study was both qualitative and quantitative in nature. The researcher used the questionnaire, interview guides and observation checklists to collect primary data from the field. Both simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select 50 respondents for the study. Data was analyzes using excel, a Microsoft based computer statistical package. The study results indicated that 98% the highest number of respondents were aware of the various communication technologies used in the development of tourism in the study area. The study findings also revealed that 22% the highest number of respondents were using Facebook to market and promote their tourism products. Basing on the study results, it was concluded that majority of the respondents 98% were aware of the various communication technologies used in the development of tourism in the study area and that the majority 94% of respondents noted that the available communication technologies had contributed towards the development of tourism in the study area. The study findings further concluded that the majority of the respondents 98% noted that there were challenges that faced available communication technologies in the development of tourism in the study area such as limited personnel and poor networking in the study area among others. The study recommended that tourism industries in developing countries especially Rwanda should hook up to the current trends in information communication technology and subsequently endvour to keep up with relevant developments in information and communication technology.Item Open Access Gender Inequality and household production in Kanungu District-Uganda.(Kabale University, 2013) Ronnah, OwembabaziThe study was on Gender inequality and household production in kanungu district. It investigated how gender inequality in households affected or influenced household production. It was guided by specific objectives of analysing the causes of gender inequality, examining the effects of gender inequality on household production and establishing strategies of addressing gender inequality inorder to improve household production in kanungu district. The methodological approach included both qualitative and quantitative approaches in describing and analysing the data into information as to discern on gender inequality and household production.Samplesize of 395 respondents for community and local government leaders was determined mathematically through use of slovenes formula.In order to analyze the data, all questionnaires were collected and responses to each of them in the questionnaires by subject were coded, edited and tabulated, data was calculated in percentage. The findings of the study show that there wereeffects of gender inequality on house hold production like low production with 24% , underdevelopment with 22% and violation of human rights with 14%. The causes were cultural norms with 30%,educational levels with 26% and ignorance with 15%. The study established that, despite the fact that the Uganda constitution provides for affirmative action (Article32 of the Uganda constitution) to enhance womens advancement and participation in development, genderinequality still existed. The study concluded that where under investment in womens education, there is lower there is lower growthrates.It was recommended that there should be creation of gender awareness ( social mobilisation), provision of equal employment opportunities and that more efforts should be put by the government on emphasising education for all.