Dissertations/Theses/Reports

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Open Access
Access of Women to Higher Education in Uganda: An Analysis of Inequalities, Barriers and Determinants
(University of London Institute of Education, 1993) Kwesiga, Joy Constance
The study analyses factors affecting women's access to higher education in Uganda, where women are under-represented at all levels of education, as students, teachers, and managers. This reflects women's low status in Ugandan society. The conceptual framework is derived from literature covering Women in Development, the human capital concept of investment in education, the indirect benefits of educating women, and social theories of gender inequality. Literature on general educational access factors, mainly focusing on Sub-Saharan Africa is reviewed, using Hyde's (1991) three-fold classification of family, societal, and institutional factors. A sample of four primary schools, sixteen advanced level secondary schools and eleven higher education institutions provided empirical data. A crosssection of over 600 Ugandan students, teachers in secondary schools and higher education institutions, political and civic leaders and parents responded to questionnaires. Decision-makers at sample institutions and the Ministry of Education headquarters were interviewed, and documentary analysis also covered official reports, documents and records, previous research and the mass media. Although focus is on the higher education level, lower levels are investigated to provide insight into causes of diminishing numbers of female students as one climbs the educational ladder. The central conclusion is that the family, society and the state in Uganda act as if they are constantly weighing the profitability of investing in boys' or girls' education, albeit not in the conventional way of measuring earnings of educated workers, but rather assessing the future functional value of the individual. Lower status within the family structure, lower perceived social value, exacerbated by general economic constraints and inadequate educational structures make girls' education, particularly higher education, appear less profitable than that of boys. This obscures the indirect benefits that families and society would reap from higher rates of female participation in education.
Open Access
Procurement Process and The Performance of Government Funded Projects: A Case Study of Rulindo District Local Government, Rwanda
(Kabale University, 2011) Perpetue, Kamuyumbu
The study focused on the procurement process and the performance of government-funded projects, using a case study of the Rulindo District local government in Rwanda. Its primary goal was to investigate the procurement process used by local governments to obtain goods, works, and services. Its specific objectives were to analyse factors that affect the public procurement process of government projects in Rulindo district local government, explain gaps in the procurement process and their effect on the success of government-funded projects in Rulindo district local government, discuss the support provided by the Rwanda Public Procurement Authority (RPPA) to Rulindo district local government, explore the time it takes Rulindo district local government to complete government-funded projects, and identify possible causes of delays in the public procurement process of government-funded projects in Rulindo district local government. Using survey design, it was possible to get a variety of views and opinions from procurement officers, who were sampled and selected both purposefully and by simple random sampling techniques. The views, opinions, attitudes, and experiences of respondents were obtained using a questionnaire as the main instrument. The study revealed that there were delays in public procurement due to the procurement law itself, budget constraints, a lack of qualified personnel in public procurement, a lack of procurement plans, the financial capacity of contractors, bureaucracy, and a lack of monitoring of awarded tenders. Local governments were recommended to develop annual procurement plans based on the availability of funds, look for qualified personnel and define mechanisms for retaining them, and develop a monitoring framework that would allow them to better monitor procurement
Open Access
Decentralized Planning, Budgeting and Service Delivery in Local Governments. A Case Study of Health and Education Services in Musanze District, Rwanda.
(Kabale University, 2011) Samson, Maniragaba
Access to quality Health and Education services is critical to socioeconomic welfare and advancement of rural areas. The motivation for this study was to investigate key factors related to health and education services delivery particularly in relation to local government planning and budgeting for effective management local government revenues and expenditure on these services. The study was based on the following objectives: to examine the impact of decentralized planning, budgeting on health and education services delivery, to analyze the relationship between participatory planning, budgeting and delivery of health and education services; to assess the challenges encountered in decentralized planning, budgeting for effective health and education service delivery; to analyze strategies of improving decentralized planning, budgeting for effective delivery of health and education services. The research methodology employed a descriptive research design. The study was based on positivism orientation since it was not purely quantitative based, with a need of qualitative data. The target population of the study consists of 628 respondents. A sample was taken from each category using the Solvein’s formula to arrive at the minimum sample size of 244. The sampling methods used included purposive and simple random sampling. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected using interview guide and questionnaire respectively. Thus, the overall results determined by percentage for the level of effective decentralized planning and budgeting in terms of effective financial planning and budgeting, fiscal accountability and transparency has effect on delivery of health and education services delivery in Musanze district was (77.9%). The major results further indicates that, there was a significant relationship between the decentralized planning and budgeting and delivery of health and education services which was very satisfactory (76.8%). The recommendations were that the central government of Rwanda fund adequately and timely monitor the utilization of funds by local governments. Districts should improve on effective planning, budgeting in order to improve on social economic welfare of the people.
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The Effects of Poor Garbage Disposal Community Health: A Case Study of Kisoro Town Council Kisoro District
(Kabale University, 2011) John, Bizimana
This study investigated the effects of poor garbage disposal on community health in Kisoro town council in Kisoro district. The major objectives of the study were; to identify garbage disposal practices in Kisoro town council, establish the causes of poor garbage disposal in Kisoro town council in Kisoro town council in district, establish the effects of poor garbage disposal on community health in Kisoro town council in Kisoro district and suggest ways of improving garbage management and community health in Kisoro town council, Kisoro district. The study employed qualitative methods of data collection which included in –depth interview use of questionnaire and documentary method among others. The study was cross sectional in nature in the area of study. The study examined the key findings of the study which included; garbage disposal practices in Kisoro town council to include: burning in open space, taking to garbage pits, composting and ignoring among others. The study further established the causes of poor garbage disposal in Kisoro town council among which included: ignorance, cost effectiveness and long distances of garbage skips. The study also remarked effects of poor garbage disposal on community health in Kisoro town council in Kisoro district such as: however, various measures were suggested such as strict rules and policies, penalties and fines. However, it was noted that for effective management of garbage and community health, there should be massive sensitization and education of the public so as to make them change their attitudes towards garbage disposal and sanitation.
Open Access
Role of Rewards Management on Employee Performance in the Banking Sector.
(Uganda Management Institute, 2011) Alex, Kanyesime
The study topic was to examine the role of rewards management on employee performance in the banking sector, using a case study of centenary bank. The study was conducted basing on the following objectives; to investigate the impact of fringe benefits on employee performance, to examine the contribution of pay incentives on employee performance, to establish the contribution of job satisfaction on employee performance, to establish the influence of sense of belongingness on employee performance and to establish the effect of organization policy on the performance of employees in the banking sector in Uganda. The research design was a case study design which adopted both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Simple random sampling technique and purposive sampling were used to select a sample size of 129 respondents of which it was composed of management members and employees. Data collection methods used was questionnaire and interviews. Data were later processed, analyzed, interpreted, discussed and presented to come up with conclusions and recommendations of the study. The findings of the study were that; pay incentives improve employee performance, there is high level employee belongingness and recognition which was attributed to improved performance of employees, employees were satisfied with their jobs they held which contributed to the improved performance of employees, and, the organization’s policies were friendly which greatly improved on the performance of employees in the banking sector in Uganda. The study concluded that; rewards which included pay incentives, fringe benefits, job satisfaction, employee recognition plus organizational policies influenced employee performance in centenary bank leading to effective utilization of resources, quality service delivery and meeting deadlines. The study recommended that; conducting a national drive and public sensitization about all the new services like internet banking, government intervention, employee training and development, extensive research and development, and, ensuring local community involvement in decision making like on the new services be introduced
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The Significance of Filing Records towards Development of Secondary Schools: A Case study of Kabale Secondary School.
(Kabale University, 2011) Marion Sincere, Ahumuza
The topic of the study is significance of filing records towards the development of secondary schools: a case study of Kabale secondary school, Kabale District. The respondents that were contacted included; students, Head Teacher and Filing clerk. The research aimed at knowing the significance of filing towards the development of secondary schools with KABSCO inclusive. The researcher wanted to find out how records are filed, types of records filed and filing classifications systems used, problems associated with filing and find the solutions to them. Using questionnaires, interview and observation, the researcher collected quality data from the respondents. Questionnaires were used to obtain data from the Head Master, Filing clerk and students. Data was collected, presented, interpreted and categorized in frequency tables and pie charts. It was found out that filing plays a vital role in the development of secondary schools. Based on the findings and conclusions of the study. Researcher recommends that there is need to keep records and file them for effective and efficient delivery of service
Open Access
Contribution of Savings and Internal Lending Communities to the Youth Livelihood in Rwanda: The Case of Gikongoro Diocese Project 2006-2010
(Kabale University, 2011) Jacques, Sezikeye
This study set out to assess the socio-economic impact of SILC on youth livelihood development through the increase in access to finances to boost business and income-generating activities within rural settings in Rwanda, as well as looking at possible challenges and limitations for a proper recommendation that may result in the expansion of several youth groups. The study's objectives were to assess the social economic impact of SILC on youth livelihood development in Gikongoro diocese, to determine whether SILC has increased youth access to financial services, and to determine the influence of SILC on youth starting small businesses.The study employed qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection, which included the use of questionnaires, the use of interview methods, observation, and also documentary methods while in the field. The findings were obtained, interpreted, discussed, and analyzed, and then later summarized in tables. The researcher went ahead to give a summary of the findings, conclusion, and recommendations of the report as they were given by the respondents. The findings clearly showed that savings and internal lending communities have a great impact on youth livelihood development in Gikongoro diocese in that they help in diversifying livelihood income strategies and financial assets. Also, they increase individual wealth and allow members to invest money in income-generating assets, though they face some problems in trying to enhance financial access to the youth, like corruption among the members of the groups, a lack of knowledge to handle finance issues among the youth since most of them are school dropouts, poor management accountability of funds given to many youth, and a failure to make proper decisions among many youth; but in a nutshell, they have contributed greatly towards improving the living standards of the youth in Gikongoro diocese.
Open Access
Naads and Poverty Reduction in Kabale District
(Kabale University, 2012) Matthew, Jimtexkuule
Using a case study of the Uganda National Agricultural Advisory Services in Kabale district, this study sought to investigate the perceptions of farmers on beneficiary participation, analyse the effect of farmer participation on NAADS program performance, investigate the factors affecting beneficiary participation and to suggest best practices for beneficiary participation. A randomly selected sample of 368 farmers from five NAADs program participating sub-counties were interviewed using an interview guide designed to address the study objectives. Additional information on the study objectives was obtained from five sub-county NAADS extension staff of the selected sub-counties, the Kabale district NAADS Coordinator and the Kabale district production officer. Results showed that most of the households had married household heads in the age bracket 25-54 years and less than half of household’s members had not attained formal education. Sorghum, beans, sweet potatoes and solanum potatoes are the main crop enterprises, while goats, poultry and piggery are the main livestock species kept. Regarding farmer perceptions of NAADS program, most of the respondents were satisfied with the way information was being shared among beneficiaries, with the way consultations were being made and the way the NAADS program promoted collaboration. However, less than half of the respondents were satisfied with the empowerment that the program gave. Generally, participation in the NAADS program resulted in increased crop and livestock productivity as well as improved household incomes and welfare. The key factors affecting participation were identified as purpose of the project, institution hosting the project, sex of beneficiary, membership to organized groups and, communication and information sharing. The study recommended that a regulatory frame work for beneficiary participation should be in place, that regular feedback should be provided by project managers, removal of corrupt project leaders, involve beneficiaries from beginning to end and beneficiary participation in all decisions. The study also recommended further research to investigate critical roles of all relevant beneficiaries that were not covered by the present study.
Open Access
Community Participation and the sustainability of Development projects: A case Study of Essential Nutrition and Health package Project in Kabuga, Gasabo District, Rwanda.
(Kabale University, 2012) Bernard, Bayasese
The study sought to examine the extent to which community participation contributed to the improvement of design and implementation of development projects and their sustainability. The specific objectives of the study were to examine modalities for community participation in development projects, to analyze the benefits of community participation and how participation leads to sustainability of development projects, to establish the conditions required for achieving sustainability of development projects through community or participation and to examine the challenges faced by the community in sustaining development projects. The study adopted four research questions namely: what are the modalities for community participation in development projects, what are the benefits of community participation and how participation leads to sustainability, what are the conditions required for achieving sustainability of development projects through community or participation and what are the challenges being faced by the community in sustaining community development projects. The study adopted a case study research design because it was more appropriate for this research. The study collected data from a sample of 367 who were selected randomly out of a population of 7982. Data was collected through the use of literature review, interviews and questionnaires. Data was analyzed using SPSS software and presented in tables. Ethical guidelines were followed in the study including obtained informed concept from the respondents and getting ethical clearance from Kabale University. Findings also revealed that the respondents participated in projects in a number of ways including identification of stakeholders, participation in the identification of their needs and directing the goals of the ENHP project, information dissemination among others. It was also revealed that local participation of the community in projects benefited both the projects and the community through better designs; cost effectiveness, less corruption, equitable distribution of resources among others. It was revealed that after the project closure, the local communities maintained the projects through development of levies at a flat rate, voluntary contributions, and contribution of materials among others. The study concluded that community participation in projects greatly contributes to the sustainability of projects. It also concluded that the community participates through consultations, taking part in project design, organizing and implementing activities. The study recommended that communities should be empowered through training and equipping them with management skills in order to sustain projects effectively. It also recommended that open accountability of resources should be encouraged so that communities can build and support projects effectively by contributing money.
Embargo
Management of Active Records in Referral Hospitals: A Case Study of Kisoro Hospital.
(Kabale University, 2012) Hashakimana, Obed
This research was carried out under the topic "management of active records in Referral Hospitals. The case study was Kisoro Hospital. Interview and observation methods were used 18 respondents were involved in the data collection. These included; three records officers, seven Nurses, and eight patients. The data was collected, analyzed, and computed to determine the challenges records departments meet in their daily activities resulting from their storage types of equipment usage. The result of the study showed that most hospitals still use old-fashioned storage types of equipment and computers are still rare in the Records departments' offices. Although it was noticed that records officers knew their roles and responsibilities, they still needed constant workshops and training to keep them up-to-date about advanced technology in keeping medical records. In conclusion, therefore, the storage types of equipment being used records department should be upgraded and computer networks are required for the smooth running of daily activities. According to (Parish Paud: 1990), it is advisable to seek the assistance of a knowledgeable consultant when setting up and monitoring such a project as managing and maintaining active records. Finally, it is premature for any, except the most sophisticated depositaries with highly trained personnel to consider digitization. While much has been learned by several project impacts, too little is known about archiving cost transferability of data and other factors to make it a practicable option for the ordinary repository (Parish Paud: 1990)
Open Access
The Contribution of Tour Companies Towards the Development of the Tourism Industry in Rwanda: A Case Study of Primate Safari Tour Company
(Kabale University, 2012) Diogene, Habimana
The study was carried out on the contribution of tour companies towards the development of the tourism industry in Rwanda with a case of primate safari Tour Company. The objectives of the study were; to find out the contribution of tour companies towards the development of the tourism industry in Rwanda; to establish the challenges faced by tour companies in the development of the tourism industry in Rwanda; and establish the strategies to address the challenges faced by tour companies in the development of the tourism industry in Rwanda The research was conducted as a quantitative and qualitative case study. In depth structured and unstructured questionnaire and interview guide were employed the contribution of tour companies towards the development of the tourism industry in Rwanda with a case study of promote safari tour company. The findings revealed that tour companies had towards the development of the tourism industry in Rwanda. This revealed by respondents who were contacted for information regarding the topic. Respondents revealed that tourism had contributed to employment opportunities, income and promoted the development of infrastructure in the area of jurisdiction It was recommended that political stability throughout the country as to encourage more tourist visiting the country. Develop strategies and policies that are aimed at developing tourism industry in Rwanda and encourage more tourists in the country. Diversify tourism industry and reduce over reliance on gorilla tourism by introducing and discovering more tourist attractions like birding and canoeing.
Open Access
Marketing Cooperatives and sustainable Agricultural development in Rulindo District, Rwanda
(Kabale University, 2012) Nkubito, Habyarimana Jean Pierre
The study examined the contribution of marketing cooperatives in sustaining the development of agriculture in Rulindo district of Rwanda. The objectives of the study were; to identify activities and services of marketing cooperatives – driven agriculture that are leading to sustainable agricultural development in Rulindo district, to analyse the perceptions of marketing cooperatives members toward agricultural marketing cooperatives activities and services improvement in Rulindo district, to examine the contribution of marketing cooperatives to the socio-economic development and environmental management by rural farmers in Rulindo district, to identify challenges to the development of marketing cooperatives-driven Agriculture, in Rulindo district. The literature was reviewed in lines with objectives. The methodology used in this study included, descriptive survey design with qualitative and quantitative data collection approaches, questionnaire and sampling. The data was collected from a sample population of 95 members randomly selected from thirteen marketing cooperatives –driven agriculture; one Agro dealers marketing cooperatives, five Crops production and marketing cooperatives, five Livestock production and marketing cooperatives, one Crops and livestock production and marketing cooperatives and one Environment conservation and management marketing cooperatives. Randomly selected agricultural marketing cooperatives are located in five district zones; North, South, Central, West and East and in the respective five sectors; Cyungo, Shyorongi, Mbogo, Burega, and Bushoki; each sector in each district zone. The findings revealed that the agricultural marketing cooperatives addressed in the study made considerable socio-economic and environmental contribution to the sustainability of agricultural development and to the well being of their members. Members felt optimistic that marketing cooperatives activities and services brought some sort of improvement in the sustainability of agricultural development and in the living condition of the people in their community and wish the marketing cooperatives activities and services to expand. Challenges encountered by agricultural marketing cooperatives towards sustaining the development of agriculture in Rulindo district were identified and categorized into five sections; organizational or internal, external, infrastructural, natural and socio-cultural and economic challenges. The most important of them were: limited Capacity on management of agricultural marketing cooperatives, inadequate initial capital, lack of transparency and accountability, low price of farm produces, high cost of production, low linkage with financial institution, small and fragmented farm holdings, lack of market structure, lack of storage and transportation facility, lack of access, usage and ownership of ICTs, climate change, inappropriate distribution of agricultural assets and population pressure on land resources. The study recommends that collective savings action is encouraged because it strengthens members’ market position, bargaining power, lobbying power, meeting their household consumption needs and enhancing potential income generating capacity together with investing on own education and health care requirements.
Open Access
Poverty and Academic Performance of primary Schools in Kabale Municipality.
(Kabale University, 2012) Justus, Niwagaba
The study was on the effect of poverty on academic performance in municipality schools of Kabale district. The study was carried out under three objectives; to find out how the home environment of the child affect his/her academic performance; to establish how poor feeding of the child affects his/her performance and how inadequate scholastic materials affect the pupils’ academic performance. The study was conducted using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The sample size of the study included; 1 inspector of schools, 5 head teachers, 36 teachers, 8 PTA members and 40 pupils. The sample study was selected using purposive and simple random sampling techniques and data was collected using observation check list, interviews and questionnaires. Data was described, presented using tables and analyzed using percentages in drawing conclusions and recommendations. The findings indicated that the home environment of the child had a direct bearing on his/ her academic performance. Families with conducive and flexible learning environments provided the pupils with reading and writing skills which were benchmarks for good performances. The study also found out that the educational level of the parents, number of members in the family and the parent’s marital status attributed to the child’s behavior, attitude towards education and academic performance. On feeding of pupils, the study found out that every pupil deserved good feeding at school and at home. Therefore the quality, quantity of food served, when and how much is served had a direct bearing on the pupil’s performance in all the schools. On inadequate scholastic materials, the study found out that most schools lacked the basic teaching and learning materials like text books, classrooms, desks, libraries, offices and good toilets, notebooks, pens, mathematical tools, maps, Graphs and other curricula copies in almost all the schools. The study concluded that the absence of scholastic materials affected the over- all performance in schools. On home environment, the study recommended for more sensitization on the parents through work- shops, seminars and meetings on the relevant conditions or the provision of flexible environment both at school and at home. On feeding of pupils, the study recommended for the feeding of children on a well -balanced diet. The quality and quantity of foods taken by the child have a direct bearing on academic performance. The study also recommended for the provision of adequate scholastic materials like uniforms, text books, pens, pencils, mathematical sets, maps, graphs, charts, libraries and good structures. Their adequacy had a direct bearing on the pupils’ academic performance.
Embargo
Relevance of Records Management in Delivery of Health Services in Health Centers: A Case Study Kabale Regional Referral Hospital.
(Kabale University, 2012) Tumusiime, Irene
The research study was about the role played by records management in the delivery of services in hospitals and was carried out at Kabale Regional Referral Hospital. The objectives of the study were; to identify the kinds of records created and kept at the Hospital, to find out the filing systems and storage types of equipment used at the hospital, to establish the challenges faced in managing records at the hospital, and to suggest possible solutions to the problems. Data was collected from 8 respondents under the guidance of questionnaires, observations, and interviews. The study revealed that the kinds of records created and kept include; Patient records, financial records, and, administrative records. The filing systems used at the hospital are Alphabetic, Numerical, and Chronological filling systems. The storage types of equipment used are open shelves, computers, boxes, cupboards, file folders, and file cabinets. The challenges faced in managing the records include; limited space, misfiling, staff shortage, insufficient storage equipment, and poor folder materials. Solutions include the use of passwords, ant viruses, using box files, job training, and preservation and conservation.
Open Access
Promoting Private Sector Investment in Rwanda: Acase study of Rwanda Private Sector Federation
(Kabale University, 2013) Nkundimana, Vincent
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Rwanda Private Sector Federation in the promotion of investments. To achieve that objective, questionnaires, interview guides and focus group discussions were used as research instruments. A total of 70 respondents were involved in this study comprising of PSF staff and sectoral associations members, government officials and other private sector operators who are not enlisted with PSF The results show that Private Sector Federation has played a crucial role in the promotion of investments in Rwanda as judged by respondents--participating in local business exhibitions and trade fairs (70 percent), in local investment seminars and missions (14 percent). However, PSF contributed less by participating in regional and international investment seminars and missions (5 percent), and in Regional and International business exhibitions and trade fairs (2 percent). The private sector also played an outstanding role in Public Private Partnerships (PPP) with the government in some priority projects of the country. The results also showed that PSF achieved success in policy advocacy by influencing the government for the removal of non service based fees, in the review of business laws, labour code and national social security policy. Among the challenges raised by Private Sector operators with regards to investment promotion in Rwanda are shortage of skilled labor (20 percent), limited access to finance (16 percent), tax barriers (20 percent) and low business management skills (11 percent), while robust governance and absence of corruption (30 percent), access to markets (25 percent) untapped opportunities in agriculture, energy and tourism (14 percent).and sustained high economic growth (16 percent) are the main opportunities available to them. The investigation showed that there is a great need for closer relationships between PSF and the government in every endeavor aimed at promoting investments in Rwanda, as well as in addressing challenges encountered by private companies. Towards that end, a new model for a successful investment promotion framework in Rwanda has been proposed.
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An Investigation of Market Research in Identifying Customer needs in Rwandan Hotels: A Case Study of Kigali Hostels.
(Kabale University, 2013) Joyeuse, Uwiragiye
A study was carried out in Kigali hotels to find out the role of market research in identifying customer needs. It was administered by the questionnaire which was distributed to about 70 respondents. Both primary and secondary data sources were used to collect data from the field. From the findings of the study it was found out that majority of respondents who were hotel owners were between 30-40 years (33%). Many others were the ages of 40-50 years (30%). These were found to be the people who had the capacity to start up hotels. Compared to what hotel owners prepared and what customers wanted as their favorite snacks, there was an indication that they liked snacks yet restaurant do not prepare them. Majority of all the restaurants prepare chapatti which fortunately was fond out be liked by the clients. Of all the snacks, chapatti and chips are mostly liked by the clients. This led to the conclusion that market research plays a big role in identifying customer product’s needs. The recommendations were; Hotels should offer both traditional and western dishes, Hotels owners should offer refresh courses to staff to offer modern services, Hotels should co-operate with public and customers and sometimes tune to their positive advice. Finally the researcher is optimistic that if the above is done customers will increase number then hotels owners make profits and develop.
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The Factors Hindering the Performance of Tour Operations in the Development of Tourism in Rwanda: A Case Study of Primate Safaris in Kigali, Rwanda.
(Kabale University, 2013) Alphonse, Ntabana
The study aimed at exploring the factors hindering the performance of tour operators in the development of tourism in Kigali city, Rwanda. The study was guided by three objectives namely: to identify the various activities performed by tour operators in the development of tourism in Kigali city; to establish the challenges affecting the performance of tour operators in the development of tourism in Kigali city; and to suggest possible measures to address the challenges affecting the performance of tour operators in the development of tourism in Kigali city, Rwanda. The study was both qualitative and quantitative in nature. The researcher used the questionnaire, interview guides and observation checklists to collect primary data from the field. Both simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select a total of 50 respondents for the study. Data was analyzed using excel, a Microsoft based computer statistical package. The study findings revealed that the majority of respondents (98%) were aware of the various activities performed by tour operators in the development of tourism in Kigali City. Among them included transportation of tourists in their business of tour, travel and safaris from one destination to the other and issuing of booking tickets and permits to the tourists in the development of tourism in Kigali City. The study results also indicated that all the 100% of the respondents were aware of the challenges affecting the performance of tour operators in the development of tourism in Kigali city. Among the challenges included high taxation by the government that hindered the work of tourism and poor customer care skills that affected the performance of tour operators in development of tourism in Kigali city in that it hindered the modes of attraction and retainability of the tourist in the study area. Basing on the study findings, it was concluded that the majority of the respondents (94%) were aware of the measures in place for to address the challenges affecting the performance of tour operators in the study area. Among the measures that were in place included better road networks, hotels and resorts among others and good customer care and hospitality that attracted and retained tourist into the country especially in the study area. The study was further concluded by requesting respondents to suggest possible measures to address the challenges affecting the performance of tour operators in the development of tourism in Kigali city Rwanda whereby conservation of the a abundant resources and preservation of fragile ecosystems and the need to recruit multi-linguistic staff among the tour operators in order to meet the demands of tourists with different languages were suggested. Basing on the findings of the study, the researcher recommended that the administrative hierarchy in the tourism industry has some unnecessary protocols which act as obstacles in dealing with issues of tour operators which require immediate solutions also the government should establish some incentive programs to assist tour operators in their business operations, among others.
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Cash Flow Statements as tool for Assessing Liquidity in Commercial Company: A case study of Ndoli Super Market Kigali-Rwanda.
(Kabale University, 2013) Jeanbaptiste, Baribwira Nshuti
The main purpose of this study was to find out the extent to which statement of cash flows could be used as tool of assessing the liquidity of commercial companies especially Ndoli Supermarket in Kigali-Rwanda. The specific objectives were to investigate the effectiveness of cash flows statement used by NDOLI Supermarket in Kigali-Rwanda; to find out the level of liquidity of NDOLI Supermarket in Kigali-Rwanda; and to evaluate the relationship between cash flows statement and liquidity of NDOLI Supermarket in Kigali-Rwanda. The methodology used is the descriptive and correlational research. The study population was 48 employees of NDOLI Supermarket Kigali-Rwanda. The questionnaires were addressed to the 37 respondents, and the study used documentary technique. Methods of analysis were descriptive statistics methods, correlation coefficient, and financial ratios analysis. The findings of this study were presented in accordance to research objectives. The effectiveness of cash flow statements was presented to tables from 4.6 to 4.8 which confirmed income statement was on average rate of 88.41%.Balance sheet/ financial position were on average rate of 90.55%, and Cash flow analysis was average rate of 88.23% of respondents’ confirmation at NDOLI Supermarket Kigali-Rwanda. The liquidity of NDOLI Supermarket Kigali-Rwanda from 2013-2015 were shown to the tables 4.9 to 4.22 which confirmed that increase of return on assets was on rate of 54.1%; return on equity was on rate of 91.8%; return on investment was on rate on 86.5%; gross profit margin was on rate of 86.5%; and current ratio was on 94.6%. Generally, liquidity evolution has averaged on rate of 68.91%.Current Ratio; it was 1.13 in 2013; it was became 0.84 in 2014; and it was 0.98 in 2015. Quick Ratio (Acid Test) where it was 1.13 in 2013; while in 2014, QR was 0.84 and it was became 0.98 in 2015. The relationship between cash flow statement and liquidity of NDOLI Supermarket Kigali-Rwanda was shown the table 4.23 which confirmed that effective cash flow statement contributes 87.56% of liquidity evolution. As conclusion, according to the findings from NDOLI Supermarket Kigali-Rwanda. The study recommends that Ndoli Supermarket should improve the quality of services and the trainings of employees in relation to annual financial statement reports to achieve more profits.
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Internal Control Systems and service delivery in Kabale Municipal Council, Kabale District, Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2013) Boaz, Abomugisha
Municipal services in Kabale Municipality are notoriously sub- standard. The study investigated the link between this phenomenon and service quality determinants, including resourcing and accountability and staff capacity gaps and how these gaps may be related to internal control systems in place. Specifically the study investigated whether and how internal control systems employed support service delivery, the relationship between compliance, fraud prevalence, resource adequacy and service delivery; it assessed how control environment impacts effectiveness of internal controls in relation to service delivery. Purposive and Random sampling techniques were used to select a sample from the study Population. Data were analyzed and presented qualitatively and quantitatively. The analysis and findings showed that the factors that negatively affected service delivery included lack of integrity followed by weak internal control systems, inadequate funding and delayed funds release from the Central Government. Prevalence of frauds and compliance lapses were noticed from 2006 up to 2014, particularly as regards to adherence to internal control norms and submission of reports. Inadequate training for staff has led to staff capacity gaps. It was concluded that while internal controls are in place, the problem is that they are not adequately followed, hence affecting service delivery. It is therefore recommended that all stakeholders should follow internal controls put in place for effective and efficient delivery of services, the division of work and segregation of duties should be upheld, Each department should be represented on the procurement committee for transparency purposes; the control environment should be improved by management to allow any stakeholder to access documents, and culprits that breach norms and regulations are found, they should be punished accordingly, Finally the management of the Council should prioritize services which are critical to the public, like Road construction, Waste disposal, Education, Security and Health.
Open Access
Women Development Through Women Cooperatives In Kicukiro District Of Kigali City
(Kabale University, 2013) Firmin, Murayire
The purpose of this research was to investigate women's participation in development through cooperatives and how cooperatives can be made more effective as instruments to empower women in development in Rwanda, taking Kicukiro District of Kigali City as a case study. It was carried out with the following study objectives in mind: to investigate women's contributions to development through cooperatives, to identify the challenges that women face in development through cooperatives, and to devise strategies for overcoming setbacks that women face in Kicukiro District of Kigali City development through cooperatives in Kigali City. Data was collected using a questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, and focus group discussions, and they were guided by the questionnaire, which was distributed to be filled out by 100 respondents, who constituted the sample size of this study. Existing literature on cooperative enterprises was reviewed, and the information generated contributed to a better understanding of the cooperative movement and its contributions to the socioeconomic welfare of its members. The study showed that cooperatives have helped women contribute greatly to development, although, as members of the cooperative, they were facing a multiplicity of challenges. These challenges were tested with a variety of strategies ranging from social to economic measures. There is a need for government support in order to exploit the full potential of the cooperative movement and attain women's development through i