Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (FAES)

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Assesment of Plastic Waste on Agricultural Land in Kashambya Sub-County Rukiga District.
(Kabale University, 2024) Hazaara, Annah
The main objective of the study was to assess the community's perception of plastic dumping on agricultural land in the Kashabya Sub-county. The study employed a purposive sampling technique to select the 40 farmers to participate in the study. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect the data and analyzed using SPSS version 25, descriptive statistical analyses on the study variables to generate frequencies, tables, and graphs for the interpretation of the data. Results show that most respondents were youths aged between 25-34 years (33%) and 18-24 years (28%) and most were married at 55%. In terms of gender, 51% of the respondents were males and 49% were females. The majority of the respondents hand attained the secondary level of education (35%) and University level (33%). The household size was 1-3 (10%),4-6 (53%), 7-9 (25%),10-12 (10%) and above 12(2%). The study shows that most of the respondents had access to agricultural land at 80% but most of them had small land of 2-5 acres (45%), 0-1(17%). 6-9(18%), 10-13(5%), and above 18 (2%) Most of the farmers used plastics on their farm (77%), and used mainly plastic containers (48%) and polythene bags (45%). Of the plastics used, 70% of them were dumped in the farms by the farmers and 30% were not. The most dumped ones were plastic bottles (65%), polythene bags (57%), old jerrycans (35%), old sacks (10%), sachets of seeds (25%), and used syringes (3%). The dumping of the plastics could be attributed to inadequate and or lack of proper dumping sites (63%). The farmers who did not dump plastics on the farms opted for the use of the rubbish pit (60%), recycling/re-using and reselling, (35%), while the rest were fond of littering the plastic waste, (5%). It was observed that farmers had to some extent put in place some measures to reduce the littering of farmland with plastic waste, including burning, public sensitization, and recycling. However, it was necessary to institute strong environmental management bylaws and mechanisms for enforcing compliance.
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Evaluation of Organic Pesticides for Pest Control in Cabbages (Brassica Oleracea).
(Kabale University, 2024) Tubenawe, Ignatious
A field experiment was carried out at the study and research farm Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Science Kable university between 2023 to 2024 to evaluate the effectiveness of local organic sources of organic pesticides in the control of pests, and weeds, and increasing the yield of cabbages(Brassicae olarecea). Five(5) treatments were used namely wood ash extracts, tobacco leaf extracts, a mixture of wood ash+tobacco leaf extracts, cypermethrin, and control(no pesticide used) were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three(3) times. The results showed significant increases(P<0.05) in the growth and head yield parameters of cabbage crops under the different organic pesticides in pest control in cabbages. The plant height of cabbages under wood ash extracts increased by 51,27, 32, and 80% compared to cypermethrin, tobacco leaf extracts, tobacco+wood ash extracts, and control treatments respectively. The highest values of cabbage's head yield parameters were obtained under wood ash extracts followed by cypermethrin, tobacco leaf extracts, tobacco+wood ash extracts, and control treatment respectively, and control treatment (no pesticide used) with the lowest yield parameters. Tobacco+wood ash extracts had the best yield weight, Leaf biomass, root biomass, and benefit-cost ratio and this could be because of the combined effect of active ingredients (nicotine and calcium carbonate) that reduced the pests, and weeds and hence increased the yields.
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Gender Analysis, Milk Value Chain, Kabale Uganda. Kabale: Kabale University.
(Kabale University, 2024) Tugume, Samuel
The study was carried out to determine gender involvement in the milk value chain in the Kabale district. The specific objectives of the study involved ascertaining the activities involved by the male and female genders in the milk value chain, who controls resources and decision-making, and the challenges faced by the male and female genders in the milk value chain in the study area. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 90 respondents for the study. An online survey questionnaire was developed and administered to the male and female gender involved in the milk value chain. The findings of the study show that the mean of the female gender was 32 years while that of the male gender was 38 years. Though most of the respondents were literate, their literacy level was low with more than half of the male and female respondents not attaining beyond a secondary education. A higher proportion of the male gender (35.5%) owned herds as against 17.7% of the female gender. The few females that owned herds had fewer numbers when compared to the males. Most of the female respondents were involved in pasteurization. The male gender was more involved in the distribution of milk to retailers and consumers than the male gender, both the male and the female genders were involved in milk consumption. None of the female genders engaged in quality assurance, product integrity, and compliance with standards. While a few of the male respondents engaged in quality assurance. the male gender has control over land and livestock. Feed and fodder, labor, technology and equipment, financial capital, and income than the female respondents Also, 72.2% of men have access to decision-making on land, 71.1% on livestock, feed and fodder, technology and equipment, and knowledge and experts respectively. They also were involved in decision-making on water, labor, income, and marketing, when compared to the female gender. While comparing the challenges faced by the male and female genders, men have better access to education and training than women(4.2 vs. 2.2) women perform a larger share of unpaid or underpaid labour(4.6 vs. 1.7), women face greater challenges in accessing markets and value-addition opportunities. (4.6 vs. 2.1); women likely have less time to dedicate solely to farm activities (4.2 vs. 2.3); men hold more decision-making authority (3.9 vs. 2.7) while both genders might face challenges in accessing these services, but women are still disadvantaged (4.7 vs. 4.5). The study reveals a need for interventions to empower women and ensure their equitable participation. There is a need to Advocate for legal reforms or programs that guarantee women's rights to own land or have secure tenancy agreements. Efforts should be made to facilitate access to credit or microloans specifically for women to purchase dairy cows. Encourage women's groups for collective ownership and management of breeding stock. There is a need to Invest in infrastructure to reduce women's workload and free up their time for dairy activities. The government and NGOs should provide training programs focused on improved dairy farming practices, animal health, hygiene, and milk quality for women. women should be trained in marketing strategies to connect directly with consumers or access better market opportunities for their milk production. There is a need to support the formation and capacity-building of women's dairy cooperatives. Women should be equipped with leadership skills to advocate for their rights and participate effectively in decision-making processes within households and dairy communities. The government should consider the specific needs and contexts of different regions within Uganda while designing interventions and also promote innovation and exploring technological solutions that can address women's time constraints and labor burdens.
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Assessment Of Sanitation And Hygiene Practices In Bubare Sub-County Rubanda District In Southwestern Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2024) Arinayesu, Brilliant Cyria
The study was the assessment of sanitation and hygiene practices in the Bubare sub-county, Rubanda District in southwestern Uganda following the study objectives which were; to establish the different forms of sanitation and hygiene practices used in the study area and to examine people’s awareness of the consequences of poor sanitation and hygiene practices in the study area. The study employed a community-based cross-sectional survey design. Data collection was done using qualitative and quantitative methods across a sample of 96 respondents. Questionnaires were also used to gather data from respondents. The findings of the study revealed that female respondents were more highly represented in the study than their male counterparts. Findings of the study also found that there were different forms of sanitation and hygiene including hand washing, personal hygiene, safe water and drinking water hygiene, waste management, environmental hygiene, and latrine coverage. The findings of the study revealed that most households had latrines and hand washing facilities in the Bubare sub-county Rubanda district. The study concluded a notable lack of access to basic sanitation facilities in the Bubare sub-county. Many households do not have access to improved sanitation facilities such as ventilated latrines, leading to open defecation and increased risk of diseases. Hygiene practices in the area are substandard, with inadequate hand washing facilities and poor hygiene behaviors observed. This contributes to the spread of diseases such as diarrhea and cholera. The study recommended that there is a need for increased awareness and education on the importance of sanitation and hygiene practices. Many community members may not be aware of the link between poor sanitation and disease transmission.
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Effect of Cattle Manure and NPK Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Potatoes (Solanum Tuberosum).
(Kabale University, 2024) Ankunda, Olivia
The study assessed the effect of Cattle manure and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of potatoes. The study was guided by two objectives. To compare the effect of cattle manure and NPK on vegetative growth of potato plants, to compare the effect of cattle manure and NPK fertilizer on tuber yield of potatoes. The study used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with two treatments and a control experiment replicated three times. The field was divided into three, each with three plots measuring 2.7m by 2.7m. Cattle manure gave the most height compared to NPK fertilizer and the control. There were more shoots formed on plants that were fertilized using cattle manure followed by NPK and lastly control. Cattle manure produced the largest size compared to NPK fertilizer and control experiment. Cattle Manure also produced the most marketable tuber weight compared to NPK in the control experiment. The study recommends using cattle Manure for potato production in Uganda as it was found to increase crop performance and subsequent yield, which is beneficial to the environment and safe for farmers.
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Impact of Land Degradation on Irish Potato Production in Hamurwa Sub-County Rubanda District.
(Kabale University, 2024) Ahimbisibwe, Columbus
This study focused on the impact of land degradation on Irish potato production in the Hamurwa Sub-county Rubanda district. The objectives of the study were; to determine the main causes of land degradation in Irish potato production in Hamurwa Sub- County Rubanda district, to identify the most common and disastrous forms of land degradation in Hamurwa Sub-County Rubanda district, and to determine how land degradation has impacted on agricultural productivity of Irish potatoes in Hamurwa Sub- County Rubanda district. A descriptive research design was employed and data collection tools included questionnaires and an interview guide which were used to collect data from 50 respondents mainly farmers from the Hamurwa sub-county, leaders, and community members. Descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel and SPSS were used and the findings were presented in tables, charts, and graphs. The study finding indicates that there were land use practices such as mono-cropping, deforestation, overgrazing, and settlements, which have affected Irish potato production. The findings of the study indicate that there were effects of land use practices on Irish potato production as they include; low-quality yields, decreased Quantity yield or yield per acre, and improved food security, the study recommends that there is a need for farmers to apply natural manures in order to get high quality and quantity yields and increase on food production. The use of farmyard manure should be encouraged to restore land cover. This should be done along with good husbandry practices such as crop rotation, and rotational grazing to avoid exhausting a particular plot of land in a short period, which in most cases forces people to exhaust land, there is a need for policymaking concerning land use through a forestation thus discouraging or reducing deforestation and there should education of masses should be encouraged relating to the efficient use of land use practices on Irish potato production through sensitizing people on dangers of destroying agricultural and its related effects.
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Factors Affecting Mechanization of Agriculture Practices in Kabale District.
(Kabale University, 2024) Ainomugisha, Godwin
The study was about investigating the factors affecting the mechanization of agriculture practices in the Kabale district.. The study was guided by three objectives which were: to evaluate the impact of mechanization of agriculture in the Kabale district, to assess the factors that influence mechanization agriculture practices, and to assess the environmental implications of agricultural mechanization in the Kabale district. A targeted population of 57 respondents constituted the District Agriculture Officer, extension officer, and farmers. Both simple random and purposive sampling techniques in identifying the study sample population. The methods that were used in data collection included surveys, observations, and interviews. Data collected was edited, coded, entered into the computer, and analyzed with Excel, a Microsoft statistical package, the results were presented in tables. According to the findings, 100% of the respondents agreed that there were the impact of mechanization of agriculture in the Kabale district includes; time management, cost Reduction, scale of operations, precision Farming, and labor savings. The study revealed the factors that influence the mechanization of agriculture practices. These include the topography of an area, cost of Machinery, labor Costs, scale of Operations, crop Characteristics, technological Awareness, government Policies, and Environmental Concerns. From objective three, the study indicated findings established the environmental implications of agricultural mechanization in Kabale district and these include resource Depletion, mechanized farming enabling precision agriculture practices, mechanization can replace labor-intensive tasks, reducing the need for manual labor in agriculture, heavy machinery used in agriculture can cause soil compaction, biodiversity Loss
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Impact of Agro-forestry on Soil Conservation in Kayonza Subcounty: A Case Study of Rutendere Parish.
(Kabale University., 2024) Ayebale, Anxious
The study evaluated the impact of agroforestry on soil conservation in the Kayonza sub-county Rutendere parish of Uganda. The objectives of the study were, to find out different economic activities that contribute to soil degradation and other methods of soil conservation other than agroforestry, and to find out different agro-forestry tree species that contribute to soil productivity in the Kayonza sub-county. The study used a case study research design and a sample size of 320 respondents was used for the study. The sampling techniques used included simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques and findings were collected using the interview method, questionnaire method, and observation method. The study focused mainly on the effectiveness of agroforestry and its impacts on soil conservation. It also revealed the reality of agroforestry as a common practice in Rutendere Parish and other economic activities responsible for soil degradation Rutendere parish as obtained from three hundred and twenty respondents indicated that where agroforestry as a soil conservation technique was not commonly practiced, the area was exposed to wearing of land surface by erosion, soil quality depreciation, loss of nutrient-rich top layer, the soil degraded and low agricultural productivity However agricultural productivity was high where agroforestry and other soil conservation practices such as mulching, cover cropping, and terracing were commonly practiced in Rutendere Parish Kayonza Sub-County. The study recommended that farmers should be highly sensitized and mobilized to attend seminars and agricultural talks, the government should encourage the farmers in Rutendere Parish the formation of farmer groups through which grants could be given inform about seedlings and other useful inputs, and adult education should be encouraged to enhance conservation and diversify farming system as against mono-cropping system which compromise soil to nutrient loss and soil degradation.
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Evaluation of Local Organic Materials as Source of Organic Pesticides for Pest Control in Carrots.
(Kabale University, 2024) Kanyesigye, Arozious
A field experiment was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Science Research farm at Kabale University located on Kikungiri Hill to evaluate the effect of local sources of organic pesticides for pest control in carrots during the 2023-2024 plating season. Five(5) treatments such as tobacco leaf extract, and wood ash extract, were applied at 10ll liters and a mixture of wood ash and tobacco leaf extract cypermethrin was applied at 30mls/15 liters, control were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates Results showed a significant increase in p(<0.05) in growth, yield parameters, and effect on weed and pest population reduction under the use of different organic pesticides on pest control in carrots. The highest growth parameters were obtained under the use of a mixture of wood ash and tobacco leaf extract followed by tobacco leaf extract, wood ash extract, cypermethrin, and control respectively while the highest yield parameters were obtained under tobacco leaf extract followed by mixture, wood ash, cypermethrin, and control respectively The dominant weed was oxalis corniculate which dominated in the control treatment followed by cypermethrin, mixture, tobacco leaf extract, and wood ash extracts. Other weeds that were recorded include Tradescantia zebrina, amaranthas spinosus followed by Cyperus notodus, eymus repens, and Biden polilosa. The key pests recorded were black ants followed by Spiders, cutworms, and caterpillars respectively. Application of cypermethrin decreased Spiders by 66%,,36%, and 33% compared to wood ash extract, mixture, and control treatment respectively. The black ants population under control increased by 31%,5%,26%and 26% compared to tobacco leaf extract, a mixture of wood ash and tobacco leaf extract, and cypermethrin respectively. The highest value of carrot fruit weight was obtained under tobacco extracts followed by wood ash, the mixture of wood ash and tobacco leaf extract, cypermethrin, and control respectively leading to an increase in profit margins and benefit-cost ratio in these treatments respectively except under cypermethrin where the variable cost was higher than gross income. Generally the use of organic pesticides provided good results in controlling pests and reducing weed and yield.
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Effect of Tea Growing on Food Security in Mpungu Sub-County Kanungu District Uganda.
(Kabale University., 2024) Natukunda, Cathbert
The study was about the impact of tea growing on food security in the Mpungu sub-county, kanungu district, Uganda. The study had the following objectives; to assess the extent of production of staple food crops by tea farmers in Mpungu Sub-county, to assess the level of food security of tea farmers in Mpungu Sub-county, to determine the effect of tea growing on the level of food security of tea farmers in Mpungu sub-county. The study used a cross-sectional approach with a descriptive survey design and a qualitative approach in data collection, analysis, and presentation. The study used a sample size of 80 respondents who were tea farmers and 4 sub-county officials from which data was collected and presented in the form of frequency distribution tables. The findings here show that 97.5% of respondents agreed that tea is mainly grown in the area followed by bananas, Beans, Irish potato, sweet potato, and sorghum with the above percentages. The conclusion indicates the involved relationship between tea growing and food security in the Mpungu Sub-county, emphasizing that while tea farming brings economic benefits, it also introduces challenges to food security. The following are the recommendations of the study, the government should encourage tea farmers to diversify their agricultural activities by allocating a portion of their land to the cultivation of staple food crops alongside tea. This diversification can help mitigate the risk of food insecurity by ensuring a more varied and resilient food supply and providing training and resources to tea farmers to adopt sustainable agriculture practices that promote soil health, water conservation, and biodiversity. Sustainable farming methods can enhance the productivity and resilience of agricultural systems, ultimately contributing to improved food security.
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Contribution of Agricultural Cooperatives to Smallholder Potato Farmers’ Livelihood: A Case Study of Mubuga Cooperative in Nyarusizasub-County Kisoro District.
(Kabale University., 2024) Niringiyimana, Steven
This study aimed to assess the contributions of Mubuga agricultural co-operatives to smallholder farmers. The Study's specific objectives were to find out the services offered by Mubuga agricultural cooperative and assess the impact of Mubuga agricultural co-operative on smallholder farmers’ livelihood. A case research study design was designed. A sample size of 99 respondents was selected from Nyarusiza Sub-county, Kisoro district. The results that revealed the majority of respondents were aged between 35 and 65 years old and female respondents dominated in cooperatives. The services offered were: offering loans, provision of agricultural inputs, market creation, construction of storage facilities, provision of seeds, supply of chemicals, and sensitization of farmers. The impact of the Mubuga agricultural cooperative on smallholder farmers included access to agricultural inputs and construction of storage facilities, increased income, and paying school fees for their children. The study concluded that smallholder potato in farmers in Nyarusiza Sub county Kisoro district benefited substantially from Mubuga agricultural cooperative. It was recommended that the government should take some awareness programs about Co-operative Society through social campaign programs starting from the local council using Radio so that people can understand the importance of Cooperative initiatives and accordingly can make practical efforts of joining them in this regard.
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Evaluation of Sustainable Land Management Practices in Kaharo Subcounty Kabale District.
(Kabale University, 2017) Nasaasira, Blair
This study was carried out to examine the sustainable land management practices in Kaharo Sub-County, Kabale District. This was guided by the following research objectives:(i) identify the land management practices, (ii) detennine the effects of identified land management practices and (iii) examine the perception of people about the identified land management practices in Kaharo Sub-County Kabale District. Questionnaire and interview guide were the main instruments for data collection in the study area. The population for the study comprised of farmers and sub county officials. The total population of the study was 99 respondents. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling methods were employed. The major findings of the study revealed that mixed farming, terracing, tree planting, mulching, crop rotation, fertilizer application and minimum tillage was the most land management practices identified in the study area. The effects of land management practices identified in the study area were; reducing soil erosion, improving soil fertility, controls crop pest and diseases, reduces soil compaction, reduce leaching of nutrients and increase soil water uptake and the farmers have knowledge about land management practices in the study area knowing that crop rotation maintains soil fertility, land management practices help in reducing land degradation covering the surface with grass or crop residues reduce and respondents noted that terracing helps us to reduce run-off and rate of erosion. The study recommends that Land management practices are currently being used by farmers but have potential to improve crop production. Policy makers should be aware that the level of practice of the SLM was still very poor in the study area, policy should be formulated that will enforce land users (farmers) to adopt and practice the SLM technologies.
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The Effect of Land Degradation on Potato Production in Rubanda District: A Case Study of Muko Sub-County.
(Kabale University, 2020) Niwaha, Richard
The aim of the study was to establish the effect of land degradation on potato production in Muko Sub County. The study was guided by objectives which were; to determine the types of land degradation in Muko Sub County, to investigate the land degradation factors affecting potato production in Muko Sub County and to establish the measures to reduce land degradation and improve potato production in Rubanda District. The study adopted a descriptive research design and a sample of 171 respondents. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used in selecting respondents. Questionnaires and interview guide were used in data collection. Data was presented using frequency tables, pie-charts and graphs. Findings in revealed that 35.1% of the respondents reported that there was soil fertility decline in the study area, 29.2% of the respondents reported soil erosion, 14.6% of the respondents revealed that there was vegetation loss in Muko sub county, 11.7% of the respondents reported stone appearance while 9.4% revealed that there was waterlogging in Muko sub county. From the findings, 23.4% of the farmers ranked insufficient capital as the major constraints to potato farming, 20.5% and 17.5% of the farmers ranked high cost of farm inputs and pests and disease respectively, 11.7% reported inadequate storage. It was noted by 20.5% of the farmers that terracing improves land degradation and increases potato production. Agroforestry practices improves on soil conservation and improves on productivity of potato production was reported by 19.3% of the respondents. Controlled overgrazing reduces land degradation and increases productivity of land for potatoes as revealed by 16.4% of the respondents. More still, 14.6% of the farmers revealed that provision of information to potato farmers on improved potato technologies by extension workers reduce land degradation and improve potato production. The study found out that insufficient capital, high cost of farm inputs and pests and disease, inadequate storage, poor information network, insufficient extension agent and lack of access road were the challenges faced by farmers in potato production. It was recommended that extension agents should be well involved in disseminating information by using open field days, demonstration and control plots so as to encourage farmers in adopting better production practices. Government and other stakeholders need to also invest in extension service in sensitizing potato farmers in the study areas as this has the potential to increase farmer’s productivity and income.
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Assessing the Effects of Land Use Practices and Environmental Conservation in Rubanda District: A Case Study of Hamurwa Sub-County.
(Kabale University, 2020) Mutesigensi, Samuel
This study was focused on assessing the effects of land use practices and environmental conservation in Rubanda district. The study was guided by three objectives; to identify effects of land use practices on environmental conservation in Hamurwa sub-county Rubanda district, to establish policies/laws that govern land and environment in Hamurwa sub-county Rubanda district and to identify the activities that degrade the environment in Hamurwa sub-county Rubanda district. Data collection tools included questionnaires and interview guide which were used to collect data from 100 respondents mainly staff of Hamurwa sub-county, leaders and community members. Data analysis was done using Microsoft excel and the findings were presented in tables, charts and graphs. The study findings indicates that there were policies/laws that govern land and environment as they include; national land use policy with 14%, national environment Act with 20%, the land Act of 1998 with 10%, the Uganda national land policy 2013 with 16% and local policies or rules that govern land and environment with 40%. Majority of the respondents with 40% agreed that local policies or rules that govern land and environment were the major policy used by respondents from Hamurwa Sub-county Rubanda district. Findings of the study indicates that there were effects of land use practices on environment as they include; Good quality yields indicated by 18%, Increased Quantity yield or yield per acre presented by 20%, improved soil fertility presented by 36% and other factors with 26%. However majority of the respondents revealed that improved soil fertility with 36% was the most common effect affecting land use practices in Hamurwa sub-county Rubanda district. The study findings indicates that there were activities that degrades the environment which include; overpopulation with 16%, housing/settlement with 8%, land tenure with 4%, overgrazing with 12%, bush burning with 10%, over cultivation with 22%, mono cropping with 20% and other factors with 8%. However majority of the respondents revealed that over cultivation with 22% was the major activity that degrade the environment.
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Assessment of the Social-Economic Contributions of Mgahinga National Park to Local Communities in Muramba Sub-County, Kisoro District, South-Western Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2020) Mahoro, Shallon
National parks like Mgahinga National Park contribute various socio-economic goods and services to the local communities around them and therefore contribute to improvement of livelihoods. Parks do not only provide food, medicine, fodder, fuel wood, and poles to local communities but also parks offer job opportunities, educative programs, and other community services to local people. The purpose of this study was therefore assessment of the social-economic contributions of Mgahinga National Park to local communities in Muramba sub-county, Kisoro District. The study was guided by the specific objectives which include investigating the contributions of Mgahinga National Park to the development of local communities, establishing the challenges faced by people living near Mgahinga National Park, and assessing the possible solutions to the challenges faced by communities near Mgahinga National Park in Muramba sub-county, Kisoro District. The study employed descriptive cross-sectional survey design utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analyses methods. Using simple random and purposive sampling techniques, a total of 109 respondents were selected to participate in the study. Questionnaires, observation and interviewing methods of data collection were used in the study. The social-economic contributions of the National Parks to the development of local communities were provision of employment opportunity, poverty reduction, carbon sequestration, water catchment areas, rainfall formation, community development and management of related land use activities. The challenges faced by people living near the National Parks were limited livelihood alternatives, increased competition on other development initiatives, inadequate innovation and human capital, crop animal raiding, prostitution and lack of mass education on conservation.The possible solutions to the challenges faced by communities near Mgahinga National park were community`s involvement in conservation activities, community-based natural resource management, ensuring environmental sustainability, practical field-based monitoring of illegal activities, use of wildlife friendly products and implementation of policies. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that there should be mass education on conservation to local communities in Muramba sub-county Kisoro district to ease conservation. The local residents should be trained on sustainable land management activities and better farming methods to ease conservation.
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Assessment of the Effect of Flooding on Agricultural Lands in Kaharo Sub-County of Kabale District South Western Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2020) Nyakiti, Dorcas Awino
In the last three decades, the impacts of flooding have increasingly assumed from significant to threatening proportions in Kaharo sub-county villages like Kitare, Nyakigugwe, Nkumbura, Kizinga, Karehe resulting in loss of lives and destroying farm lands. The purpose of this study was therefore assessment of the effects of flooding on agricultural lands in Kaharo sub county of Kabale district south western Uganda. The study was guided by the specific objectives which include investigating the causes of flooding on agricultural lands in Kaharo sub county, establishing the effects of flooding on agricultural lands in Kaharo sub county, and assessing the possible solutions to the effects of flooding on agricultural lands in Kaharo sub county of Kabale district south western Uganda. The study employed descriptive survey design utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analyses methods. Using simple random and purposive sampling techniques, a total of 84 respondents were selected to participate in the study. Focused group discussion and interviewing methods of data collection were used in this study. Rapid urbanization, population growth and high Rainfall Intensities were the causes of flooding on agricultural lands in Kaharo sub county Kabale district reported by 49%, 56% and 32%), respectively (Table 4.1). Other causes of flooding were location of settlement on flood plain (48%), lack of awareness and information (2%), poverty (7%), unprotected flood areas, standing crops and livestock (30%) and lastly transition in cultural practices (24%). Loss of life (52) was the major effect of flooding on agricultural lands in Kaharo sub county Kabale district (Table 4.2), 49% of the respondents recorded that damage to crops and food supplies were the effects of flooding in an area whereas 46% of the respondents mentioned that Famine was also an effect of flooding due to destruction of crops and other agricultural lands. It was also concluded that 60% of the respondents suggested that there should be wetland restoration in the area, the need for community based natural resource management which helps in the conservation of wetlands (44%), 38% of the respondents suggested that early warning systems should be put in place to find out different mitigation measures for conservation of agricultural lands whereas 30% of the respondents suggested that there was need for massive education (Table 4.3). The study also recommended areas for further studies like assessment of the effects of flooding on agricultural production in Kaharo sub-county and assessing Vulnerability of Peri-Urban Areas to Floods.
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Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Livelihoods in Rujumbura Rukungiri District.
(Kabale University, 2021) Niwagaba, Alfred
Globally climate change effects are increasing and it affects the whole globe. Sub-Saharan Africa is more vulnerable and the most exposed to these effects. In most African countries including Uganda, agriculture is the leading source of livelihood and is the most affected sector. This study explored the impacts of climate change on the livelihood sources, the people’s perceptions and the adaptation and coping measures. The study was carried out in n the sub counties of Ruhinda, Buhunga, Nyakagyeme and Bugagari. In addition, the objectives of the study were: 1) to assess the impacts of climate change on peoples’ livelihoods, to analyze the perception of farmers about climate change impacts on peoples’ livelihoods, 3) to determine the adaptation measures used by people to reduce the climate change impacts on people’s livelihoods. The data was collected using interview guides and questionnaires, the respondents reported that climate change was due to deforestation, wetland degradation, and bush burning. The major livelihood sources of people in the areas were crop growing, livestock farming, trading activities and handcrafts like basket weaving. Drying of crops, water scarcity, increased crop pests, soil erosion and reduced yields are the most experienced impacts resulting from climate change. The most affected crops were beans, cassava, maize, banana, potatoes, coffee and rice. On the climate change perceptions, there has been increase in drought conditions, variations in seasons, increase in temperatures, decrease in rainfall, erratic rains and increased flooding conditions. Adaptation measures used by respondents were; early planting, changing the planting dates, crop diversifications, change in the crop varieties, rainwater harvest, and watering crops during drought. Meanwhile, livestock farmers reported shift grazing and change of local varieties as their mitigation actions to the climate change conditions. These challenges were limited capital to purchase improved agriculture technologies, limited skills and lack of enough government support. Recommendations of the study are the following: training the locals on the mitigation measures and extending credit facilities to enable farmers to access improved agriculture technologies.
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Weeds Predominant in Potato Fields: A Case of Southern Division, Kabale Municipality, Kabale District, South Western Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2021) Akankwasa, Lowland
The existence of weeds on potato crops could decrease the productivity of the crops, so that weed control efforts were absolutely necessary. The diversity of dominant weed types need-ed to be known so that weed control could be done correctly. This study aimed to make dominant weed mapping on potato cultivation in Southern Division Kabale Municipality. Two fields of Irish potato scattered at different altitude or topographic conditions were ran-domly selected in each village. At each field the weed samples were taken diagonally (5 times) for each plot of potato cropping using quadrants of size 0.5 m × 0.5 m. Field data was used to determine weed species, weed density, weed frequency, weed domination, im-portance value, summed dominance ratio, weed dry weight and species diversity index. The results showed that the dominant weed species in Central, Nyakambu, Mwanjari and Nya-kiharo were Galinsoga parviflora, Amaranthus spinosus, Drymaria vilosa and Cyperus ro-tundus, respectively. Weed diversity index ranged from 1.46 to 2.26. This study concluded that broad-leaved weeds are the dominant weed types in potato fields in the Southern Divi-sion of Kabale Municipality.
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Assessment of Solid Waste Management Practices in Kabowohe Division, Sheema Muinicipal Council, Sheema District
(Kabale University, 2018) Hilda, Karungi
Solid waste management is one of the major environmental problems facing municipalities today. Kabwohe Division, Sheema Municipality, like other urban centers in Uganda and in most other developing countries, this important service is based on the city's centralized collection, transportation, and disposal strategy. Currently, this approach has proven to be inefficient due to the heavy financial requirements involved. Background: Kabwohe Division generates 20,580 metric tons of solid waste annually, of which only 17,215 metric tons (59.6%) are collected annually. This clarifies that 2.72 metric tons of solid waste are generated per clay, with only 48.47 metric tons collected or removed from landfills and other areas, with the composition of solid waste generated being (83.6%) organic or plant origin, (0.9%) waste paper, 1.2% waste plastics, 0.3% waste metals, 0.1% sasscullet materials, and (3.9%) other materials (District Environmental Health Annual Report, 2014). Objective of the study: To examine solid waste management practices and the challenges faced in Solid waste management in Kabwohe division, Sheema Municipality Methodology: The study was carried out in Kabwohe Division, Sheena Municipality, and Sheema District. It was a cross-sectional study with both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Qualitative data collection tools like key informants and quantitative data collection tools like questionnaires and observation were employed. Simple random sampling was used to select respondents (SWHs) from the cells, and key informants were purposefully selected in relation to their knowledge on solid waste management in the division.

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