Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (FAES)

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A Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Inorganic Fertilizer (NPK) and Organic Fertilizer (Poultry Manure) on the Sweat Potato Yield.
(Kabale University, 2024) Mwebembezi, Obed
This study investigated the comparative effects of inorganic NPK fertilizer and organic Poultry Manure on the yield and soil health of sweet potatoes grown in Kabale, Uganda. Utilizing a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three treatments (NPK, Poultry Manure, and control), the research evaluated tuber yield, weight, and the impact of soil-living organisms across nine plots. Results indicated that NPK fertilizer significantly enhanced tuber yield and weight, with tubers averaging around 0.5 kg, but its effectiveness was highly dependent on adequate moisture to prevent pest susceptibility. Poultry Manure moderately improved yield and weight, with big tubers averaging 0.5 kg and small ones 0.3 kg, while significantly enhancing soil health and pest resistance, indicating its potential for sustainable crop production. The control plots, with no fertilization, yielded the least number of tubers, with weights ranging from 0.2 kg to 0.5 kg, highlighting the necessity of nutrient supplementation. The study concluded that integrating organic and inorganic fertilizers, along with proper irrigation, could optimize sweet potato production by ensuring high yields, maintaining soil health, and minimizing pest issues. These findings underscored the importance of a balanced fertilization strategy for sustainable agriculture in Kabale.
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A Comparative Analysis on the Effect of Poultry Manure and Pig Manure on Cabbage Yield Around Kabale University.
(Kabale University, 2024) Amanya, Pride
This study provided a comparative analysis of the effects of poultry manure and pig manure on cabbage yield in Kabale District. The primary goal was to optimize cabbage production to enhance the incomes of smallholder farmers, with three specific objectives: to evaluate the effects of poultry and pig manure on cabbage yields, to assess their impact on nutrient availability, and to examine their implications for soil microorganisms in cabbage fields. The study involved three treatments: poultry manure, pig manure, and a control group with no manure. Results revealed that poultry manure was the most effective treatment, achieving the highest average cabbage weight of 3.28 kg. This highlights poultry manure's potential as a highly effective organic fertilizer for cabbage cultivation. The pig manure treatment produced a moderate average cabbage weight of 2.86 kg, outperforming the control but falling short of poultry manure. The control group yielded the lowest average cabbage weight of 1.8 kg. The study also highlighted environmental considerations when choosing between poultry and pig manure. Poultry manure, with its higher nitrogen content, if not properly managed, poses risks of nitrogen runoff into nearby water bodies, leading to water pollution, algal blooms, and oxygen depletion, which can harm aquatic ecosystems. In conclusion, poultry manure's higher nitrogen levels contribute to improved vegetative growth and higher cabbage yields. However, its use requires careful management to mitigate potential environmental impacts. The study recommended that farmers in Kabale District adopt poultry manure to maximize cabbage yields. Additionally, agricultural extension services should provide training and demonstrations on the benefits and proper application of poultry manure to ensure sustainable farming practices.
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Analysing the Effect of NPK on Cabbage Production in Kabale Municipality.
(Kabale University, 2024) Mugyenyi, Joab
The research project was carried out to determine the quality and yield responses of cabbages to different rates of fertilizers in the demonstration garden of the Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences of Kabale University. The study's specific objectives were to; evaluate the effects of NPK on cabbage production in Kabale Municipality, assess the influence of NPK on cabbage quality attributes, and provide recommendations for optimal inorganic fertilizer utilization for sustainable cabbage production in Kabale Municipality.
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Analysis of the Effect of Planting Depths on the Growth and Yield of Carrots.
(Kabale University, 2024) Muserero, Ronald Regan
The study evaluated the effect of different planting depths on the growth and yield of carrots in Kabale University, Kabale Municipality. It was guided by the following objectives; To examine the effect of different planting depths on the growth of carrots in Kabale Municipality and To determine the effect of different planting depths on the yield quality of carrots. Primary Cultivation was done manually using a hand hoe to till a land with a size of 10 x10m2. The land was left for two weeks before secondary cultivation was done. Two weeks after primary cultivation, secondary tillage was also carried out using a hand hoe and forked hoe. This process buried weeds and crop residues in the soil. Cultivation was done to the required depth while breaking the clods to form a fine seedbed. A Randomized Complete Block Design having two replications was used in this study. The treatments comprising different planting depths used in this study included: 0.6, 1.6, and 2.6 cm. The depth of 0.6 cm is referred to in this work as shallow while 1.6 and 2.6 cm are the normal and deep planting depths, respectively. The sowing of the carrot seeds was done using the recommended spacing of 30cm × 10cm. The sowing depths indicated in the treatment structure above were used based on the treatment, that is, shallow depth (0.6 cm), normal depth (1.6cm), and deep depth (2.6cm). Mulching was done using dry couch grasses, which were used to avoid germination of the fresh ones into weeds. The grasses were laid on the soil surface immediately after sowing to reduce the amount of solar radiation directly reaching the soil surface. Weeding was done manually using a hand hoe and hand pulling of the weeds from the plots. Harvesting was done on 10th June 2024 using a hoe. Harvesting was done after 94 days (3months) of planting .218kg of carrots were harvested. Washing of the carrots was done after harvesting to remove the soil such that it can be attracted by the buyer. Carrots were sorted according to size; big carrots were put in its own suck and the small ones in another suck. The big carrots weighed 140kg and the small ones weighed 78kg. The results from data analysis showed that planting depth had an effect on the carrot root diameter.
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Analysis of the Profitability of Cabbage Farming in Kabale District Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2024) Muhumuza, Trust
The study aimed to examine the profitability of cabbage farming in Kabale District, Uganda. It was guided by three specific objectives: (1) to assess the production costs associated with cabbage farming, (2) to evaluate revenue generation and the potential economic returns, and (3) to conduct a return on investment analysis to determine the overall financial viability of cabbage farming in the region. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data collected from experimental plots at the university farm site. The data collected covered aspects such as production costs, yields, market prices, and financial metrics that were analyzed using tools like Gross Profit Margin (GPM), and Return on Investment (ROI). The findings of the study revealed several critical insights. The total production cost per hectare of cabbage farming was 4,300,000 UGX, with pesticides and seedlings being the most significant expenses. Other costs included fertilizers, irrigation, transportation, labor, and land preparation. Market prices for cabbage fluctuated between 500 and 1,000 UGX per head, with an average annual price of 700 UGX per head. The return on investment analysis showed that Gloria F1 is a more profitable variety to grow in Kabale with a return on investment of 115.8% compared to Copenhagen's 56.3%. The study made several recommendations to enhance the profitability and sustainability of cabbage farming in Kabale District. These recommendations include the need for government support in providing subsidies for inputs, improving access to credit facilities for farmers, investing in irrigation infrastructure, and offering training programs on best farming practices. Additionally, establishing stable market linkages and price stabilization mechanisms could help farmers secure better returns on their produce.
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Analysis on Yields of Optimal Spaced and Broadcasted Grain Amaranth in Kabale Municipality.
(Kabale University, 2025) Banyenzaki, Daglous
The study was about to analyze yields of optimally spaced and broadcasted grain amaranth in Kabale municipality. The study had the following objectives; to assess the impact of different spacing arrangements on amaranth yield, and to compare the yield of amaranth produced between the spaced one and broadcasted grain amaranth. The study adopted a field experimental design. The experiment was carried out on the Kabale University farm.T he results of this study demonstrate that out of a total of 20 observations, the majority of roots, 75%, fall within the 1-4 length range, constituting 15 instances. Additionally, 25% of the roots in this method fall within the 5-8 length range, totaling 5 instances. In conclusion, the comparison between spaced plots and broadcasted plots across plant height, root length, and total weight distribution highlights the significant influence of planting methods on various parameters related to plant growth and productivity. Spaced plots exhibit greater variability in plant height, root length, and total weight distribution compared to broadcasted plots, indicating the potential benefits of adopting spacing methods in agricultural practices. The study recommended that; Assessing planting density is crucial in determining the optimal spacing between plants to maximize yield potential. Adjusting planting density based on crop requirements, environmental conditions, and available resources can help optimize plant growth and resource utilization, Paying close attention to root development is essential for ensuring optimal nutrient uptake and overall plant health. Regular monitoring of root length and exploration can provide insights into soil health and nutrient availability, allowing growers to adjust management practices accordingly.
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Analysis onThe Effect of Dap and NPK Fertilizers Applications on Broccoli Yield.
(Kabale University, 2024) Bikorwomuhangi, Pastori
The study investigated the effects of DAP (Diammonium phosphate) and NPK (Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium) fertilizers on broccoli yield, aiming to provide insights into optimal fertilizer management strategies for enhancing crop yield. The study was based on three objectives: to assess the growth rate parameters of broccoli grown with DAP and NPK fertilizers, to determine the effects of DAP and NPK fertilizers on broccoli yield, and to propose recommendations for assessing the comparative effectiveness of DAP and NPK fertilizers in optimizing broccoli yield. Broccoli, a nutrient-demanding vegetable crop, was subjected to field trials where varying applications of DAP and NPK fertilizers were compared. The research measured key yield parameters including height, head size, and nutrient composition to evaluate the effect of each fertilizer type on overall crop yield and quality. Results indicated that both DAP and NPK fertilizers significantly influenced broccoli yield parameters. Specifically, plots treated with NPK showed enhanced height and larger head sizes of 3.5 kg compared to those treated with DAP with 2.5 kg or control groups with 1.7 kg. Findings revealed variations in nutrient uptake efficiency between the fertilizer types, with NPK-treated broccoli exhibiting a higher effect on yield production, the implications of fertilizer use were also assessed, emphasizing the need for balanced nutrient management to minimize environmental impact while maximizing agricultural productivity. The study recommended investigating how varying ratios or concentrations of these nutrients influence not only growth parameters like height and leaf count but also yield metrics such as head weight, investigating the efficiency of nutrient uptake by broccoli plants under different fertilizer treatments.
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Analyzing the Effect of Organic Manure in Comparison With NPK on Cabbage Growth and Yield.
(Kabale University, 2024) Ainomugisha, Rabecca
The agricultural sector continually seeks sustainable methods to improve crop productivity and yields. This study examines the effects of organic manure and chemical fertilizers, specifically NPK, on cabbage growth and yields, aiming to provide insight into their influence on cabbage cultivation. Organic manure comprises natural materials such as animal waste, compost, and green manure. It releases nutrients gradually, enhances soil structure, and promotes long-term soil health. Conversely, NPK fertilizers composed of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are chemically manufactured to supply essential nutrients directly to plants. While NPK fertilizers can rapidly boost growth and yields, their excessive use risks soil degradation and environmental pollution. Organic manure supports cabbage growth by slowly releasing essential nutrients, improving soil structure, and fostering beneficial soil organisms. It minimizes nutrient leaching, enhances root development, and boosts water and nutrient uptake, leading to healthier plants with increased resistance to pests and diseases. NPK fertilizers, on the other hand, provide an immediate nutrient supply. Nitrogen promotes vegetative growth and lush green leaves, phosphorus enhances root development and accelerates maturity, and potassium improves disease resistance and water-use efficiency. However, overuse of NPK can cause nutrient imbalances, chemical burns, and reduced plant resilience. In terms of yield, organic manure enriches the soil with organic matter and nutrients over time, producing higher-quality crops with improved flavor and texture. However, its benefits are gradual and may take several growing seasons to manifest. In contrast, NPK fertilizers deliver high macronutrient concentrations for rapid absorption, resulting in faster growth rates and higher short-term yields. Nevertheless, excessive reliance on NPK may compromise long-term soil health and contribute to environmental degradation. To achieve optimal yields sustainably, farmers should adhere to recommended application rates and avoid over-fertilization. A balanced approach combining organic manure and NPK fertilizers can enhance cabbage cultivation. Organic manure ensures long-term soil health through gradual nutrient release, while NPK provides immediate access to critical macronutrients for rapid growth stimulation. Integrating these methods allows farmers to achieve high yields without sacrificing sustainability, ensuring productive cabbage farming while preserving environmental resources for future generations.
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Analyzing the Effects of Transplanting and Direct Seeding on the Growth and Yields of Green Pepper.
(Kabale University, 2024) Natukunda, Tracy
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), smallholder-based agriculture is the main source of livelihood, especially in the rural areas, where most of the population lives. Vegetable production provides for high-value crops especially green pepper that can be raised on small pieces of land throughout the year and as such, many smallholder farmers have increasingly gained interest in them. The objective was to analyze the growth and yield performance of green pepper subjected to direct seeding and transplanting thus understanding its profitability and ultimately contributing to the income of the farmers in Kabale district. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) of 10*10 with two treatments and their controls and replicated 2 times at Kabale University The treatments included subjecting one of the plots to transplanting while the other was subjected to direct seeding. The findings showed that plant height, number of branches, growth, and yield were greatly affected by the transplanting done during the production process hence enhanced productivity and more profits were generated from the same plots. Continuous research and collaboration among researchers, growers, and agricultural experts are essential for advancing our understanding of the effect of direct seeding and transplanting on the yields and quality production in green pepper production. The choice between transplanting and direct sowing can significantly impact the growth and yields of green peppers. Transplanting allows for better control over seedling development, early planting, and protection from adverse weather conditions. On the other hand, direct sowing can be more cost-effective and less labor-intensive. Understanding the effects of these two methods on green pepper growth and yields is crucial for optimizing production practices and ensuring a successful harvest.
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Assesment of Plastic Waste on Agricultural Land in Kashambya Sub-County Rukiga District.
(Kabale University, 2024) Hazaara, Annah
The main objective of the study was to assess the community's perception of plastic dumping on agricultural land in the Kashabya Sub-county. The study employed a purposive sampling technique to select the 40 farmers to participate in the study. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect the data and analyzed using SPSS version 25, descriptive statistical analyses on the study variables to generate frequencies, tables, and graphs for the interpretation of the data. Results show that most respondents were youths aged between 25-34 years (33%) and 18-24 years (28%) and most were married at 55%. In terms of gender, 51% of the respondents were males and 49% were females. The majority of the respondents hand attained the secondary level of education (35%) and University level (33%). The household size was 1-3 (10%),4-6 (53%), 7-9 (25%),10-12 (10%) and above 12(2%). The study shows that most of the respondents had access to agricultural land at 80% but most of them had small land of 2-5 acres (45%), 0-1(17%). 6-9(18%), 10-13(5%), and above 18 (2%) Most of the farmers used plastics on their farm (77%), and used mainly plastic containers (48%) and polythene bags (45%). Of the plastics used, 70% of them were dumped in the farms by the farmers and 30% were not. The most dumped ones were plastic bottles (65%), polythene bags (57%), old jerrycans (35%), old sacks (10%), sachets of seeds (25%), and used syringes (3%). The dumping of the plastics could be attributed to inadequate and or lack of proper dumping sites (63%). The farmers who did not dump plastics on the farms opted for the use of the rubbish pit (60%), recycling/re-using and reselling, (35%), while the rest were fond of littering the plastic waste, (5%). It was observed that farmers had to some extent put in place some measures to reduce the littering of farmland with plastic waste, including burning, public sensitization, and recycling. However, it was necessary to institute strong environmental management bylaws and mechanisms for enforcing compliance.
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Assessing the Effects of Land Use Practices and Environmental Conservation in Rubanda District: A Case Study of Hamurwa Sub-County.
(Kabale University, 2020) Mutesigensi, Samuel
This study was focused on assessing the effects of land use practices and environmental conservation in Rubanda district. The study was guided by three objectives; to identify effects of land use practices on environmental conservation in Hamurwa sub-county Rubanda district, to establish policies/laws that govern land and environment in Hamurwa sub-county Rubanda district and to identify the activities that degrade the environment in Hamurwa sub-county Rubanda district. Data collection tools included questionnaires and interview guide which were used to collect data from 100 respondents mainly staff of Hamurwa sub-county, leaders and community members. Data analysis was done using Microsoft excel and the findings were presented in tables, charts and graphs. The study findings indicates that there were policies/laws that govern land and environment as they include; national land use policy with 14%, national environment Act with 20%, the land Act of 1998 with 10%, the Uganda national land policy 2013 with 16% and local policies or rules that govern land and environment with 40%. Majority of the respondents with 40% agreed that local policies or rules that govern land and environment were the major policy used by respondents from Hamurwa Sub-county Rubanda district. Findings of the study indicates that there were effects of land use practices on environment as they include; Good quality yields indicated by 18%, Increased Quantity yield or yield per acre presented by 20%, improved soil fertility presented by 36% and other factors with 26%. However majority of the respondents revealed that improved soil fertility with 36% was the most common effect affecting land use practices in Hamurwa sub-county Rubanda district. The study findings indicates that there were activities that degrades the environment which include; overpopulation with 16%, housing/settlement with 8%, land tenure with 4%, overgrazing with 12%, bush burning with 10%, over cultivation with 22%, mono cropping with 20% and other factors with 8%. However majority of the respondents revealed that over cultivation with 22% was the major activity that degrade the environment.
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Assessing the Impact of Stone Quarrying on Vegetation Cover in Kiyoora Kabale District.
(Kabale University, 2024) Abaho, Amos
The study examined the impact of stone quarrying on vegetation cover in Kiyoora, Kabale District. Its objectives were to determine the effects of stone quarrying on vegetation cover and to evaluate measures implemented to mitigate these effects. The quadrant method was employed to identify various plant species within the quarry area. Findings indicated a significant representation of female respondents and identified 30 shrubs and small tree species, 10 grass and herbaceous plant species, and 20 pioneer species in the area. The study concluded that stone quarrying has a substantial impact on vegetation cover, with notable consequences for the local ecosystem. Key findings revealed a decline in vegetation diversity, soil erosion and degradation, dust accumulation on plants, and changes in water resources. The reduction in plant species, particularly grasses and herbaceous plants, has weakened the region's ecological stability and biodiversity. The study recommended increasing community awareness about the adverse effects of stone quarrying on vegetation cover to encourage more sustainable practices.
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Assessing the Impact of Stone Quarrying on Vegetation Cover in Kiyoora Kabale District.
(Kabale University, 2024) Abaho, Amos
The study assessed the impact of stone quarrying on Kiyoora, Kabale district vegetation cover. The objectives of the study were to find out the effects of stone quarrying on vegetation cover in Kiyoora and to assess the measures put in place to reduce the effects of stone quarrying on vegetation cover. The quadrant method was used to identify different plant species in the quarry area. Results revealed that female respondents were highly represented in the study and different plant species included 30 different species of shrubs and small trees, 10 species of grasses and herbaceous plants, and 20 species of pioneer species. The study concluded that there is a very big relationship between stone quarrying and vegetation cover. The study of the environmental effects of stone quarrying on vegetation cover in Kiyoora, Kabale District, reveals significant impacts on the local ecosystem. The primary findings indicate a reduction in vegetation diversity, soil erosion and degradation, dust deposition on plants, and alterations in water resources. Stone quarrying has led to a noticeable decrease in plant species diversity, particularly among grasses and herbaceous plants. This reduction undermines the ecological stability and biodiversity of the region. The study recommended sensitizing community members about the dangers of stone quarrying on vegetation cover.
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Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Livelihoods in Rujumbura Rukungiri District.
(Kabale University, 2021) Niwagaba, Alfred
Globally climate change effects are increasing and it affects the whole globe. Sub-Saharan Africa is more vulnerable and the most exposed to these effects. In most African countries including Uganda, agriculture is the leading source of livelihood and is the most affected sector. This study explored the impacts of climate change on the livelihood sources, the people’s perceptions and the adaptation and coping measures. The study was carried out in n the sub counties of Ruhinda, Buhunga, Nyakagyeme and Bugagari. In addition, the objectives of the study were: 1) to assess the impacts of climate change on peoples’ livelihoods, to analyze the perception of farmers about climate change impacts on peoples’ livelihoods, 3) to determine the adaptation measures used by people to reduce the climate change impacts on people’s livelihoods. The data was collected using interview guides and questionnaires, the respondents reported that climate change was due to deforestation, wetland degradation, and bush burning. The major livelihood sources of people in the areas were crop growing, livestock farming, trading activities and handcrafts like basket weaving. Drying of crops, water scarcity, increased crop pests, soil erosion and reduced yields are the most experienced impacts resulting from climate change. The most affected crops were beans, cassava, maize, banana, potatoes, coffee and rice. On the climate change perceptions, there has been increase in drought conditions, variations in seasons, increase in temperatures, decrease in rainfall, erratic rains and increased flooding conditions. Adaptation measures used by respondents were; early planting, changing the planting dates, crop diversifications, change in the crop varieties, rainwater harvest, and watering crops during drought. Meanwhile, livestock farmers reported shift grazing and change of local varieties as their mitigation actions to the climate change conditions. These challenges were limited capital to purchase improved agriculture technologies, limited skills and lack of enough government support. Recommendations of the study are the following: training the locals on the mitigation measures and extending credit facilities to enable farmers to access improved agriculture technologies.
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Assessment of Factors Limiting Advanced Technology Adoption in Maize Cultivation in Uganda: A Case Study of Kabale District South Western Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2024) Asiimwe, Moses
This study examined the factors limiting the adoption of advanced technology in maize cultivation in Kabale District, Southwestern Uganda, focusing on socio-economic constraints and the role of policy interventions. Despite the potential benefits of advanced agricultural technologies, such as improved yields and sustainability, their adoption in Kabale District remains low. Socioeconomic and demographic factors, including farmers' education levels, income, access to credit, and extension services, significantly influence the adoption rates. Previous research highlights that limited financial resources and insufficient knowledge about the benefits and usage of advanced technologies hinder their widespread adoption among smallholder farmers. The role of policy interventions in facilitating the uptake of advanced technology practices is also a critical aspect of this study. Government policies and programs designed to support agricultural innovation, such as subsidies for technology acquisition, training programs, and improved access to markets, play a crucial role in enhancing technology adoption. However, the effectiveness of these interventions in Kabale District has been inconsistent, often hampered by inadequate implementation and lack of awareness among farmers. This research aimed to assess the existing policy framework and its impact on promoting advanced agricultural technologies in maize farming. By analyzing the socioeconomic barriers and evaluating the effectiveness of policy interventions, this study provided comprehensive insights into the challenges and opportunities for improving technology adoption in maize cultivation in Kabale District. The findings were expected to inform policymakers and stakeholders about the necessary steps to enhance the adoption of advanced technologies, thereby boosting maize productivity and ensuring sustainable agricultural development in the region.
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Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Harvested Rainwater in Hamuhambo Town Council Rubanda District.
(Kabale University, 2024) Atuheire, Israel
Harvesting rainwater is a reliable alternative for the local people globally who have no access to centralized and piped water systems due to geographical location and economic pressure. The study accessed some of the physicochemical parameters such as pH, Temperature, turbidity, Electrical conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, and TDS across eight stations that included 3 community tanks (at a primary school, at a church, and a health center III hospital) and 5 individual household tanks by sampling once after eight weeks of harvest and storage of rainwater, to establish the water quality as there is a risk of contamination during harvesting and storing. However, this rainwater is mainly used directly for consumption and domestic use without any post-harvest treatment to improve the water quality since it is commonly done individually without any specialist knowledge and standard guidelines. The Mean: SD values for the physicochemical parameters measured PH: 8.8±1.5, Temperature: 21.7±1.0 (°c), EC: 168.8±86.3 (µ/cm), DO: 6.2±1.8 (mg/l), TDS: 87±47 (mg/l) and turbidity: 6.1±15.9 NTU were within the acceptable limits for portable water in reference to WHO and UNBS (Table 2), therefore I conclude that even after harvested rainwater has been stored for some time, its quality is not affected and it is thus fit for consumption and domestic use. There were no significant variations in the variables accessed apart from an abnormally high turbidity value at ST 05 where the sample was picked from the minimal water remaining on the floor that contained a lot of total dissolved solids suggesting regular cleaning of the RWHS at the beginning of each rain season, a first flush of 15 minutes at the beginning of the rain and installation of proper pre-filtration mechanisms. It is important to fence the underground RWHS to keep away children who may contaminate the water. Excavation of drainage channels where they are absent for example ST 03 and ST 08 and regular maintenance for those station (s) who have ST 01.
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Assessment Of Sanitation And Hygiene Practices In Bubare Sub-County Rubanda District In Southwestern Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2024) Arinayesu, Brilliant Cyria
The study was the assessment of sanitation and hygiene practices in the Bubare sub-county, Rubanda District in southwestern Uganda following the study objectives which were; to establish the different forms of sanitation and hygiene practices used in the study area and to examine people’s awareness of the consequences of poor sanitation and hygiene practices in the study area. The study employed a community-based cross-sectional survey design. Data collection was done using qualitative and quantitative methods across a sample of 96 respondents. Questionnaires were also used to gather data from respondents. The findings of the study revealed that female respondents were more highly represented in the study than their male counterparts. Findings of the study also found that there were different forms of sanitation and hygiene including hand washing, personal hygiene, safe water and drinking water hygiene, waste management, environmental hygiene, and latrine coverage. The findings of the study revealed that most households had latrines and hand washing facilities in the Bubare sub-county Rubanda district. The study concluded a notable lack of access to basic sanitation facilities in the Bubare sub-county. Many households do not have access to improved sanitation facilities such as ventilated latrines, leading to open defecation and increased risk of diseases. Hygiene practices in the area are substandard, with inadequate hand washing facilities and poor hygiene behaviors observed. This contributes to the spread of diseases such as diarrhea and cholera. The study recommended that there is a need for increased awareness and education on the importance of sanitation and hygiene practices. Many community members may not be aware of the link between poor sanitation and disease transmission.
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Assessment of Solid Waste Management Practices in Kabowohe Division, Sheema Muinicipal Council, Sheema District
(Kabale University, 2018) Hilda, Karungi
Solid waste management is one of the major environmental problems facing municipalities today. Kabwohe Division, Sheema Municipality, like other urban centers in Uganda and in most other developing countries, this important service is based on the city's centralized collection, transportation, and disposal strategy. Currently, this approach has proven to be inefficient due to the heavy financial requirements involved. Background: Kabwohe Division generates 20,580 metric tons of solid waste annually, of which only 17,215 metric tons (59.6%) are collected annually. This clarifies that 2.72 metric tons of solid waste are generated per clay, with only 48.47 metric tons collected or removed from landfills and other areas, with the composition of solid waste generated being (83.6%) organic or plant origin, (0.9%) waste paper, 1.2% waste plastics, 0.3% waste metals, 0.1% sasscullet materials, and (3.9%) other materials (District Environmental Health Annual Report, 2014). Objective of the study: To examine solid waste management practices and the challenges faced in Solid waste management in Kabwohe division, Sheema Municipality Methodology: The study was carried out in Kabwohe Division, Sheena Municipality, and Sheema District. It was a cross-sectional study with both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Qualitative data collection tools like key informants and quantitative data collection tools like questionnaires and observation were employed. Simple random sampling was used to select respondents (SWHs) from the cells, and key informants were purposefully selected in relation to their knowledge on solid waste management in the division.
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Assessment of the Effect of Flooding on Agricultural Lands in Kaharo Sub-County of Kabale District South Western Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2020) Nyakiti, Dorcas Awino
In the last three decades, the impacts of flooding have increasingly assumed from significant to threatening proportions in Kaharo sub-county villages like Kitare, Nyakigugwe, Nkumbura, Kizinga, Karehe resulting in loss of lives and destroying farm lands. The purpose of this study was therefore assessment of the effects of flooding on agricultural lands in Kaharo sub county of Kabale district south western Uganda. The study was guided by the specific objectives which include investigating the causes of flooding on agricultural lands in Kaharo sub county, establishing the effects of flooding on agricultural lands in Kaharo sub county, and assessing the possible solutions to the effects of flooding on agricultural lands in Kaharo sub county of Kabale district south western Uganda. The study employed descriptive survey design utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analyses methods. Using simple random and purposive sampling techniques, a total of 84 respondents were selected to participate in the study. Focused group discussion and interviewing methods of data collection were used in this study. Rapid urbanization, population growth and high Rainfall Intensities were the causes of flooding on agricultural lands in Kaharo sub county Kabale district reported by 49%, 56% and 32%), respectively (Table 4.1). Other causes of flooding were location of settlement on flood plain (48%), lack of awareness and information (2%), poverty (7%), unprotected flood areas, standing crops and livestock (30%) and lastly transition in cultural practices (24%). Loss of life (52) was the major effect of flooding on agricultural lands in Kaharo sub county Kabale district (Table 4.2), 49% of the respondents recorded that damage to crops and food supplies were the effects of flooding in an area whereas 46% of the respondents mentioned that Famine was also an effect of flooding due to destruction of crops and other agricultural lands. It was also concluded that 60% of the respondents suggested that there should be wetland restoration in the area, the need for community based natural resource management which helps in the conservation of wetlands (44%), 38% of the respondents suggested that early warning systems should be put in place to find out different mitigation measures for conservation of agricultural lands whereas 30% of the respondents suggested that there was need for massive education (Table 4.3). The study also recommended areas for further studies like assessment of the effects of flooding on agricultural production in Kaharo sub-county and assessing Vulnerability of Peri-Urban Areas to Floods.
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Assessment of the Management of Plastic Wastes in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park: A Case Study of Buhoma Tourism Sector.
(Kabale University, 2024) Tugume, Joyleen
This study aimed to examine the management of plastic waste in the Buhoma tourism sector of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP). Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews with UWA staff, hotel managers, porters, and tourists. Out of 109 distributed questionnaires, 75 (69%) were returned. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and Word. The findings revealed that while some measures to manage plastic pollution in the Buhoma tourism sector have been implemented, there is still a need for improvement. Current practices include the establishment of trash cans (10%), controlled incineration (35%), mass waste collection on special wildlife days (25%), and awareness campaigns and sensitization (30%). However, improper disposal of plastic waste remains an issue. The measures currently in place have not fully mitigated plastic pollution, and some practices, such as incineration, still pose environmental risks, such as air pollution from emitted fumes. The study recommended additional interventions, including imposing higher taxes on the production and importation of plastic products in the country. It also emphasized that UWA management should fully implement all proposed measures to effectively address plastic pollution in and around the park.

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