Safety of Drinking Water from Primary Water Sources and Implications for the General Public in Uganda

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorKeneth Iceland, Kasozi
dc.contributor.authorSarah, Namubiru
dc.contributor.authorRoland, Kamugisha
dc.contributor.authorEjike, Daniel Eze
dc.contributor.authorFred, Ssempijja
dc.contributor.authorAlfred, Omachonu Okpanachi
dc.contributor.authorHellen, Wambui Kinyi,
dc.contributor.authorJovile Kasande, Atusiimirwe
dc.contributor.authorDickson Stuart, Tayebwa
dc.contributor.authorJoy, Suubo
dc.contributor.authorEdgar Mario, Fernandez
dc.contributor.authorNathan, Nshakira
dc.contributor.authorAndrew, Tamale
dc.date.accessioned2019-06-14T08:32:58Z
dc.date.available2019-06-14T08:32:58Z
dc.date.issued2019-03-25
dc.description.abstract,ere is scarcity of information about the quality and safety of drinking water in Africa. Without such vital information, sustainable development goal number 6 which promotes availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation remains elusive especially in developing countries. ,e study aimed at determining concentrations of inorganic compounds, estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and identify safe drinking water source sources in Southwestern Uganda. Methods. ,is was an observational study in which 40 drinking water samples were collected from georeferenced boreholes, springs, open wells, bottled, and taps within Bushenyi district of Southwestern Uganda. Water samples were analyzed for copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) levels using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Water safety measures (EDI, HI, and ILCR) were established for each water source and compared with local and international water permissible standards for each analyte. A spatial map was drawn using qGIS®, and analysis of quantitative data was done using MS Excel 2013 at 95% significance. Results. Heavy metals were present in the following order: 11.276 ppm> 4.4623ppm > 0.81ppm > 0.612ppm > 0.161 ppm for Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd, respectively, while Cr was not detected. Fe was the primary water heavy metal in the order of open well > borehole > tap > spring > bottled water. ,is was followed by Zn levels in the order of tap > bottled > spring > borehole > open well. All compounds were within international water safety standards except Pb. Hence, there is need for the government of Uganda to establish water filtration systems, particularly for Pb to improve the quality of water for the general public.,eEDI was similar (P > 0.05) for water consumed from spring, bottled, and tap sources for Fe and Zn levels. Similarly, no differences were found in the EDI for children and adults (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the HI showed an absence of noncarcinogenic risk associated (HI < 1), although the ILCR was higher in adults than children (P < 0.05) due to high Cd concentrations. Conclusion. ,e current identified Fe is a major heavy metal in drinking water of Uganda, and boreholes were the major safest sources of drinking water identified in this study.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipKabale Universityen_US
dc.identifier.citationCopyright © 2019 Keneth Iceland Kasozi et alen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12493/166
dc.publisherHindawien_US
dc.relation.ispartofseries;Article ID 7813962
dc.subjectSafety of Drinking Water from Primary Water Sources and Implicationsen_US
dc.titleSafety of Drinking Water from Primary Water Sources and Implications for the General Public in Ugandaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

Files

Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
Safety of Drinking Water from Primary Water Sources and implications....pdf
Size:
3.49 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
Main Article
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.71 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description:
Download

Collections

School of Medicine (KABSOM)