Crinum jagus (J. Thomps. Dandy): Antioxidant and protective properties as a medicinal plant on toluene-induced oxidative stress damages in liver and kidney of rats
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Date
2022-01-22
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Publisher
www.elsevier.com/locate/toxrep
Abstract
Crinum jagus (C. jagus; J. Thomps.) Dandy (Liliaceae) is a pantropical plant known for its medicinal values and
pharmacological properties. The study assessed the protective effects and changes in oxidative stress indices due
to C. jagus leaf extracts on the toluene-induced liver and kidney injuries in rats. The study was conducted on 8-
week-old male Wistar rats (n = 80), weighing 243.3 ± 1.42 g. Group I, 1 ml/kg distilled water for 7 days; Group
II, 4.5 ml/kg toluene once, 1 ml/kg distilled water for 7 days; Group III, 4.5 ml/kg toluene once, 500 mg/kg
methanolic extract for 7 days; Group IV, 4.5 ml/kg toluene once, 500 mg/kg aqueous extract for 7 days; Group V,
500 mg/kg methanolic extract for 7 days; Group VI, 500 mg/kg aqueous extract for 7 days; Group VII, 500 mg/kg
of vitamin C for 7 days; Group, VIII, 4.5 ml/kg toluene once, 500 mg/kg vitamin C for 7 days, all administrations
were given by oral gavage. The phytochemical contents, absolute and relative organ weights of liver and kidneys,
liver and kidney function tests, antioxidant status, as well as histological tests were analyzed using standard
protocols. The tannins, flavonoids, and polyphenols were in highest concentration in both extracts, content in
methanol extract (57.04 ± 1.51 mgg visible renal and hepatic histopathological findings, compared to the normal control group. In C. jagus extract
test groups (III and IV), the parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) alleviated and reversed to normal/near
normal compared to the negative control. The LFTs, kidney function tests, and antioxidant status were signifi-
cantly (P < 0.05) more improved with the methanol extract test and standard control groups compared to the
aqueous extract test group; Also, the methanol extract test group showed better histological features than the
aqueous extract test and standard control groups. The methanolic extract shows better antioxidant potential due
to the availability of more nonenzymatic antioxidants (tannins, flavonoids, and polyphenols). The findings
showed that toluene is a very aggressive xenobiotic due to the promotion of oxidative stress and peroxidation of
cellular lipids, but C. jagus leaves provide significant protection through the reducing power of nonenzymatic
antioxidants and their ability to induce endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and glutathione reductase
or GR) causing reduced cellular lipid peroxidation and tissue damages, quickened tissue repair, and improved
cell biology of liver and kidneys during toluene toxicity. The methanol leaf extract provides better protection and
should be advanced for more experimental and clinical studies to confirm its efficacy in alleviating oxidative
stress tissue injuries, specifically due to toluene.
Description
Keywords
Anti-lipid peroxidation, Antioxidants, Catalase Crinum jagus, Glutathione superoxide dismutase, Histoprotective, Malondialdehyde, Toluene toxicity