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    Anxiety, Anger and Depression Amongst Low-Income Earners in Southwestern Uganda During the COVID-19 Total Lockdown

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    Date
    2021
    Author
    Archibong, Victor
    Usman, Ibe Michael
    Keneth Iceland, Kasozi
    Osamudiamwen, Eric Aigbogun Jr.
    Josiah, Ifie
    Monima, Ann Lemuel
    Ssebuufu, Robinson
    Chekwech, Gaudencia
    Terkimbi, Swase Dominic
    Owoisinke, Okon
    Mbiydzenyuy, Ngala Elvis
    Adeoye, Azeez
    Aruwa, oshua Ojodale
    Afodun, Adam Moyosore
    Odoma, Saidi
    Ssempijja, Fred
    Ayikobua, Emmanuel Tiyo
    Ayuba, John Tabakwot
    Nankya, Viola
    Onongha, Comfort
    Sussan, Henry
    Matama, Kevin
    Yusuf, Helen
    Nalugo, Halima
    MacLeod, Ewan
    Welburn, Susan Christina
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    Abstract
    Background: Low-income earners are particularly vulnerable to mental health, consequence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown restrictions, due to a temporary or permanent loss of income and livelihood, coupled with government-enforced measures of social distancing. This study evaluates the mental health status among low-income earners in southwestern Uganda during the first total COVID-19 lockdown in Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken amongst earners whose income falls below the poverty threshold. Two hundred and fifty-three (n = 253) male and female low-income earners between the ages of 18 and 60 years of age were recruited to the study. Modified generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), Spielberger’s State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) tools as appropriate were used to assess anxiety, anger, and depression respectively among our respondents. Results: Severe anxiety (68.8%) followed by moderate depression (60.5%) and moderate anger (56.9%) were the most common mental health challenges experienced by low-income earners in Bushenyi district. Awareness of mental healthcare increased with the age of respondents in both males and females. A linear relationship was observed with age and depression (r = 0.154, P = 0.014) while positive correlations were observed between anxiety and anger (r = 0.254, P < 0.001); anxiety and depression (r = 0.153, P = 0.015) and anger and depression (r = 0.153, P = 0.015). Conclusion: The study shows the importance of mental health awareness in low resource settings during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Females were identified as persons at risk to mental depression, while anger was highest amongst young males. Keywords: COVID-19 response, Africa, Socio-economic impacts, Psychosocial, Hunger, Women.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12493/939
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