Anxiety, Anger and Depression Amongst Low-Income Earners in Southwestern Uganda During the COVID-19 Total Lockdown

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Date
2021Author
Archibong, Victor
Usman, Ibe Michael
Keneth Iceland, Kasozi
Osamudiamwen, Eric Aigbogun Jr.
Josiah, Ifie
Monima, Ann Lemuel
Ssebuufu, Robinson
Chekwech, Gaudencia
Terkimbi, Swase Dominic
Owoisinke, Okon
Mbiydzenyuy, Ngala Elvis
Adeoye, Azeez
Aruwa, oshua Ojodale
Afodun, Adam Moyosore
Odoma, Saidi
Ssempijja, Fred
Ayikobua, Emmanuel Tiyo
Ayuba, John Tabakwot
Nankya, Viola
Onongha, Comfort
Sussan, Henry
Matama, Kevin
Yusuf, Helen
Nalugo, Halima
MacLeod, Ewan
Welburn, Susan Christina
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Background: Low-income earners are particularly vulnerable to mental health, consequence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown restrictions, due to a temporary or permanent loss of income and livelihood, coupled with government-enforced measures of social distancing. This study evaluates the mental health status among low-income earners in southwestern Uganda during the first total COVID-19 lockdown in Uganda.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken amongst earners whose
income falls below the poverty threshold. Two hundred and fifty-three (n = 253) male and female low-income earners between the ages of 18 and 60 years of age were recruited
to the study. Modified generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), Spielberger’s State-Trait
Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) tools as
appropriate were used to assess anxiety, anger, and depression respectively among our respondents.
Results: Severe anxiety (68.8%) followed by moderate depression (60.5%) and moderate anger (56.9%) were the most common mental health challenges experienced by low-income earners in Bushenyi district. Awareness of mental healthcare increased with the age of respondents in both males and females. A linear relationship was observed with age and depression (r = 0.154, P = 0.014) while positive correlations were observed between anxiety and anger (r = 0.254, P < 0.001); anxiety and depression (r
= 0.153, P = 0.015) and anger and depression (r = 0.153, P = 0.015).
Conclusion: The study shows the importance of mental health awareness in low
resource settings during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Females were identified as persons at risk to mental depression, while anger was highest amongst young males.
Keywords: COVID-19 response, Africa, Socio-economic impacts, Psychosocial, Hunger, Women.