Kabale School of Medicine (KABSOM)

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Assessment of Factors Associated with Low Handwashing Coverage in Karungu Sub-County BuhweJu District.
(Kabale University, 2021) Manigaruhanga, Pius
Slow socio-demographic index (SDI) countries, unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene (W ASH) is sill the third- largest contributor to the global burden of disease at 7.8% of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DAL Ys). It is estimated that inadequate hand hygiene resulting nearly 300,000 deaths annually, with the majority of deaths being among children below 5 years old (WHO and UNICEF 2017 The study was to establish the factors associated with low hand washing coverage. It was across- sectional study that used quantitative data collection methods. The statistics in Karungu Sub-county, it experiences high prevalence of sanitation-related illnesses accounting for 67% quarterly compared to other Sub-counties closely linked to poor hand hygiene (HMIS 2018/2019). A determination of the level of knowledge. attitudes. practices. and barriers on hand washing among the respondents led to the conclusion that the respondents in the study area have sufficient knowledge about hand washing. Based on the findings, most of the respondents did not wash their hands due to lack of water. There is a need to provide piped water for easy access, promote rain water harvesting tanks and continuous sensitization on the benefits of hand washing both after use and to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Keywords: Factors, Low Handwashing, Coverage, Karungu Sub-County, BuhweJu District.
Open Access
Factors Affecting Immunization Coverage for Children Under Five Years in Rwanyamahembe Sub-County, Mbarara District- Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2022) Omia, Santos
The study was focusing on the factors affecting immunization coverage for children under five years taking Rwanyamahembe sub-county, Mbarara district as a case study. The specific objectives were to; determine the level of expanded program on immunization (EPI) service coverage, identify socio-demographic and institutional factors affecting with EPI service coverage. The study adopted cross- sectional study design employing a quantitative approach for data collection. Information was gathered from 120 respondents using questionnaire and interview guide. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 18 to generate both descriptive and regression statistics. The study found out the level of expanded program on immunization (EPI) service coverage to be relatively low as evidenced by few respondents who had children that are fully vaccinated as compared to majority who did not complete vaccination. The study also identified socio-demographic factors affecting EPl service coverage in the area such as lack of information about immunization, age of the mother/guardian. level of education. negative experiences with immunisation, possession of vaccination cards, sex of the child and accessibility of vaccination sites. The study further identified inadequate funding of the program, perceived shortage of staff, cost of vaccination and vaccination cards, inadequate supply of vaccine stock, inadequate vaccination sites and corruption and embezzlement of funds as the main institutional factors affecting with EPI service coverage. As a result of the significant results, the study concludes that EPI service coverage in Rwanyamahembe sub-county is low due to different socio-demographic and institutional factors. It therefore recommends the provision of vaccine related targeted health education to mothers at home and during ANC visits is an effective strategy to improve immunization completion rates in low literacy and income settings. Supervision of immunization activities by the district EPI focal person. This is key in identifying gaps during static and outreach programs. Emphasis on vaccinators arriving on time and all services given to mothers without a cost.
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Factors Affecting Male Involvement in Family Planning at Kazo Health Center IV in Kazo Town Council Kazo District.
(Kabale University, 2022) Ndyaguma, Laban
The study was about factors affecting male involvement in family planning at kazo health center iv in Kazo town council Kazo district. The study was guided by the following study objectives: To find out the level of male involvement family usage, relationship between male involvement and family planning utilization and to devise means of increasing male involvement in family planning in Kazo town council . A cross sectional research design was used for this study where both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed, the population of the study included Women, Men, health staff and local leaders. The study revealed that there is low involvement in family planning to the extent that some men have never a companied their wife to the family planning clinic, claiming that they have no time to escort their wives for family planning saying that they are busy looking for money than going with their wives to clinics, more still men some lack information about the use of family planning other than use of condoms. Also male involvement in family planning has a positive influence in their utilization when male involvement increases family planning utilization among married couples increases and vise verse. Among the views pointed out by the respondent's on men's participation in family planning as highlighted in the study also agreed with the related literature like culture factors, religious beliefs, social economic factors and psychological factors, Also suggested some other reasons like Ignorance lack of time false myth and fear of family planning side effects as mentioned by the majority of respondents as discussed during a focus group discussion where they mentioned that condoms cause cancer. Men need more information and education so that they can fully participate in family planning services, support their partners and utilize the services and that Health care providers should conduct workshops or hold social gatherings and inform men about family planning and its importance. On recommendation the government should establishment of men's clinics so that men can feel free to go and utilize the services. The services should be user friendly to men in order to be utilized to the maximum Male only clinics should inform men about all family planning methods and provide condoms and vasectomy and counsel men with respect and sensitivity, more so Education, men need a lot of information on family planning so that they are well informed.
Open Access
Factors Affecting Utilization of Insecticide Treated Nets in Households Among Children Under Five Years of Age in Kazo Town Council, Kazo District.
(Kabale University, 2022) Tumwebaze, Rodgers
The study was carried on factors affecting utilization of insecticide treated nets in household’s song children under five years of age in Kazo town council, Kazo district. It was based on the owing to find out the socio-economic and cultural factors affecting the utilization of ITNs ~ng children under-five, to identify the institutional factors affecting the utilization of ITNs among children under-five and to establish knowledge of care takers in the utilization of ITNs among children under-five in Kazo Town Council. Methodology: A cross-sectional research design which was both qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection. Approaches were used. Sample size of 92 respondents was -"nsidered which comprised of parents/care takers of under five children and other key informants like, health workers. VHTs and town council health inspector. Information was .:ollected from 92 respondents using questionnaires and interviews. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 to generate both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study findings indicate that significant socio-economic factors affect utilization of ITNs within households and these include; gender of the household head (p= .017), age of household head (p = .005), level of education; (p< .001) religion(p = .031), household size(p=0.028), income status(p= .031 ), number of children below 5(p= .002), gender of the child(p = .026), age of the child(p = .001), presence of fever a month before the survey and sleeping arrangement(p = .046). The study also identified significant cultural factors affecting the utilization of ITNs among children under-five years to be; misconceptions about malaria and its prevention(p=.017), cultural beliefs(p= .033), poor perception and attitude(p< .001).The study further identified the institutional factors affecting the utilization of ITNs among children under-five years to be awareness (p=.011), access/availability(p= .012), poor coverage(p .031), level of financial investment in ITN distribution(p = .041) and poor quality nets(p .049). Conclusion: There are significant socio-economic, cultural and institutional factors affecting utilization of insecticide in Kazo Town Council. The study recommended that plans be made to increase the number of free ITN s distributed to households, increase in community education and public awareness on ITN use.
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Factors Contributing to Low Latrine Coverage in Homesteads Butobere Ward Central Division Kabale Municipality Kabale District
(2021) Biija, Andrew
The study was meant to investigate the factors contributing to low latrine coverage in Butobere ward Kabale Municipal. A cross- sectional survey design was used whereby out of the sampled 180 homestead heads were interview. This community cross-section study was utilized. The research design was used to provide valuable information pertaining to the level of a particular attributes of interest in this case the level of latrine coverage in a defined population of Butobere at a specified point of time. The study reviewed about knowledge attitude social cultural attributes towards latrine construction. It also involved administrative gaps in the community towards latrine construction in the community. The research findings reviled that the environmental factors like vegetative cover, terrain and the soil types affected latrine coverage in the study area. Findings showed that gender wise female to male ratio was high also respondents had low income low education levels and less employment mainly casual labor. Further on culture was less bothered by poor hygiene and thus some practiced open defecation. The study concluded that, respondents had less knowledge about latrine construction, environment not conducive for latrine construction, no cultural concern about hygiene community workers were very few and thus there was no law enforcement. The study therefore recommended that, there be community sensitization, law enforcement and more staff recruitment in addition to construction of community latrines and enhancement of government programs like Emyooga and NAADS to improve the economical status of the community members.
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Factors Contributing to Low Latrine Coverage in Homesteads Butobere Ward Central Division Kabale Municipality Kabale District.
(Kabale University, 2021) Biija, Andrew
The study was meant to investigate the factors contributing to low latrine coverage in Butobere ward Kabale Municipal. A cross- sectional survey design was used whereby out of the sampled 180 homestead heads were interview. This community cross-section study was utilized. The research design was used to provide valuable information pertaining to the level of a particular attributes of interest in this case the level of latrine coverage in a defined population of Butobere at a specified point of time. The study reviewed about knowledge attitude social cultural attributes towards latrine construction. It also involved administrative gaps in the community towards latrine construction in the community. The research findings reviled that the environmental factors like vegetative cover, terrain and the soil types affected latrine coverage in the study area. Findings showed that gender wise female to male ratio was high also respondents had low income low education levels and less employment mainly casual labor. Further on culture was less bothered by poor hygiene and thus some practiced open defecation. The study concluded that, respondents had less knowledge about latrine construction, environment not conducive for latrine construction, no cultural concern about hygiene community workers were very few and thus there was no law enforcement. The study therefore recommended that, there be community sensitization, law enforcement and more staff recruitment in addition to construction of community latrines and enhancement of government programs like Emyooga and NAADS to improve the economical status of the community members. Keywords: Factors, Low Latrine Coverage, Homesteads, Kabale Municipality, Kabale District.
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Factors Contributing to Utilisation of Insecticide Treated Mosquito Bed Nets Among the Households of Kayonza Subcounty, Kanungu District.
(Kabale University, 2022) Baguma, Bosco
The purpose of this study was to identify factors contributing to utilization and usage of insecticide treated mosquito bed nets among the community members in Kayonza Sub County, Kanungu district. The study was guded by the following objectives: to establish the level of knowledge, attitudes of household heads on malaria and use of ITNs in Kayonza Sub County, Kanungu district, to determine the factors influencing the ITN utilization usage at household level in Kayonza Sub County, Kanungu district, to recommend various solutions for ITN use and utilization for households in Kayonza Sub County, Kanungu district. A cross sectional study design involving both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The main findings from the study revealed that all the house hold heads their knowledge and attitude was high on ITN usage and utilization. It was noted that health workers, VHTs, peer facilitators were seen as important source of information on ITN use and utilization thus signify the importance of numerous health education carried out by health workers in promoting ITN utilization. Furthermore it was found out that there was no treatment of ITNs in the entire sub county of Kayonza. This could be as a result of lack of insecticide for treating ITN s on local market and government health facilities. The study recommended that The Ministry of Health should increase regular community sensitization campaigns to ensure greater awareness of the importance of sleeping under insecticide treated nets among the vulnerable groups. Furthermore, the study recommend that VHTs and peer facilitators be motivated and further trained on ITN treatment and on care and maintenance be done by the Office of DHO Kanungu District. Keywords: Factors, Utilisation, Insecticide Treated Mosquito, Bed Nets, Households, Kayonza Subcounty, Kanungu District.
Open Access
Factors Influencing Human Waste Management in Sanga Town Council- Kiruhura District.
(Kabale University, 2022) Mugasha, Bindyomunda Athur
The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing human waste management in Sanga Town Council, Kiruhura District so as to develop appropriate interventions. It was guided by the following objectives: to investigate the environmental factors influencing human waste management in Sanga Town Council, to assess the socio cultural factors responsible for human waste management in Sanga Town Council., to determine the possible interventions geared towards improvement of human waste management in Sanga Town Council. The study used a cross sectional study which employed both qualitative and quantitative method of data collection. The study populations were the residents of Kyamani, Byembogo, Kasharara and Kakagati villages. Respondents consisted of household heads in the selected villages who responded to the questionnaire and key informants responded to the interview guide to answer questions on human waste management. Data from questionnaires also revealed that there were environmental factors which influence human wastes management and they include vectors and vermin which was represented by 26%, nature of soil with 40%, construction materials with 30% and there were other factors which was presented by 4%. The study recommends that there should be support and advice from government officials in order to develop and increase human waste collection and waste management methods. Environmental officer, community development officer and other stakeholders should maintain support through engaging every household in sanitation programmes with in Sanga town council.
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Factors Leading to Low Utilization of PMTCT Services at Rubaare Health Centre IV in Rubaare Town Council Ntungamo District.
(Kabale University, 2019) Muhairwe, Robert
This book is about the research findings on the factors leading to the low level of utilization of PMTCT services at Rubaare Health Centre IV, in Rubaare Town Council, Ntungamo District which is in Western Uganda. The respondents in the research were 50 and included 40 pregnant mothers, 10 lactating mothers, and 10 health workers. The study was guided by both general and specific objectives. The general objective was to establish the factors leading to low utilization of PMTCT services whereas the specific objectives were to assess how the level of awareness has contributed to PMTCT service utilization, establish the impact of staffing, and find out the availability of drugs and utilization of PMTCT services. The study used cross-sectional, simple random, and snowball. The study also used self-administered questionnaires, interview guides, and observations The following were the results: On the level of awareness those who did not know about PMTCT services 29/42 (70%) while13/42 (30%) had some knowledge about PMTCT services. The impact of staffing the number of health workers at a health facility was less than 5 which accounts for 24/40 (60%) followed by none with 10/40 (25%) while above 5 came in third position with 4/40 (10%) and lastly, only 2 with 2/40 (5%), on the drug availability and utilization drugs were not available at the health facility which accounts for 22/40 (55%) and those who said drugs are always there were only 18/40 ( 45% ). The study concluded that low levels of awareness, inadequate drug supply, and understaffing at health facilities were found to as the major factors affecting mothers accessing and utilizing PMTCT services. The following were the recommendations: Massive sensitization of the people about PMTCT services, the government particularly the Ministry of Health to ensure a steady supply of the required drugs for both mothers and children who seek PMTCT services at the health facility.
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Factors Leading to Malnutrition in Children Under Five Years in Nyamwamba Division, Kasese Municipality, Kasese District.
(Kabale University, 2021) Kabugho, Mary Consolata
Introduction: The study was carried out to assess the factors leading to malnutrition in children under-five years at Kasese Municipal HCIII, Kasese Municipality, Kasese District. Malnutrition is regarded as the most important risk factor for illness and death globally and it is associated with 52.5% 0f all deaths in young children (Lisanu Mazengia & Andargie Biks, 2018). Methodology: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive research design which used quantitative approaches, researcher-administered questionnaire which was used to determine the factors leading to malnutrition in children under-five years. The study used a probability sampling technique which consisted of a systematic random sampling and 104 respondents were reached. Results: More than half of the under-five children in the study were females (53) and majority were aged 37-59 months (57) and followed by those aged 13-36 months (36) respectively. Half of the children (52) were of birth order 1-2 with a few in the birth order of 3-4 (26) and 5+ order (26) respectively. The number and distribution of under-five children according to the education level of the mother indicates that majority of the mothers had received primary level education (76) and quite a few had never been to school (16). Findings show that 18(104) were wasted and 13 (104) were severely wasted. The highest prevalence of wasting was observed in children aged 24-35 months where 23 (104) and 8 (104) children were wasted and severely wasted respectively. Almost a third, 29 (104) were stunted and 13 (104) severely stunted. Children aged 6-11 month presented highest prevalence of moderate stunting37 (104) while severe stunting was highestl9 (104) in children aged 6-11 months. In conclusion, the study has shown there are some gaps in terms of knowledge towards nutrition. For example only 50 women out of the 104 had the correct knowledge on initiation of breastfeeding after birth. To reduce childhood Under-nutrition in Kasese Municipality which has been on the rise, emphasis should be given in improving the knowledge of mothers on appropriate infant andyoung children feeding. Recommendations l. To reduce childhood Under-nutrition in Kasese Municipality,emphasis should be given in improving the knowledge of mothers on appropriate infant andyoung children feeding. 2. Empowering women in terms of formal education as seen in the current study, education positively affects the correct timing of initiation of complementary feeds. 3. The study recommends exclusive breast feeding and proper supplementary feeding especially among children aged less than three years.
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Types, Magnitude and Factors Associated with Medication Administration Errors Among Nurses in Rubanda East Health Sub District.
(Kabale University, 2023) Atuhaire, Oliva
Introduction: Medication administration errors (MAEs) are preventable incidents resulting from the improper use of medication. These errors significantly contribute to poor health outcomes, with an estimated 6,000 to 20,000 patient deaths annually due to MAEs, most of which go unreported. This study aims to assess the types, extent, and factors associated with MAEs among nurses in the Rubanda East Health Subdistrict. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire to collect data from 120 randomly selected nurses in Rubanda East Health Subdistrict. Bivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with MAEs, and significant variables (p=0.2) were included in a multivariate logistic regression model. Adjusted odds ratios were presented, and data were analyzed using STATA version 14. Results: The study revealed that 54.17% of the nurses committed various types of MAEs. The majority (64.17%) administered underdoses, 54.17% administered overdoses, 50.00% gave the wrong drug, 60.83% administered medication at the wrong time, 43.33% used the wrong route, and 62.50% reported poor documentation. Specifically, 60.83% administered underdoses moderately, 48.33% administered overdoses to a greater extent, and 64.17% administered the wrong drug to a greater extent. MAEs were significantly associated with nurses aged 31-40 years (aOR=2.6; 95%CI=0.849-7.740; p=0.015), female nurses (aOR=2.9; 95%CI=1.049-8.291; p=0.040), poor knowledge of drug administration (aOR=0.4; 95%CI=0.125-1.165; p=0.041), and interruptions during medication administration (aOR=0.4; 95%CI=0.117-1.219; p=0.030). Conclusion: The study found a high prevalence of MAEs among nurses, with common errors including overdoses, overdoses, wrong drug administration, incorrect timing, wrong routes, and poor documentation. Underdoses were commonly administered to a moderate extent, while wrong documentation and wrong drug administration to the correct patient occurred to a greater extent. Factors strongly associated with MAEs included age, gender, poor drug administration knowledge, and interruptions during medication administration.

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