Browsing by Author "Ayiga, Natal"
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Item Open Access A Review of the Effects of Climate Change on Water Resources in Sub-Saharan Africa.(Kabale University, 2024) Turyasingura, Benson; Ngabirano, Hannington; Wambui, Kinyi Hellen; Fatima, Sule Mohammed; Ayiga, Natal; Bojago, Elias; Benzougagh, Brahim; Abhishek Banerjee; Kumar, Singh SudhirWater provides different goods and services like handcraft and fishing materials, water supply for domestic use, businesses, agriculture, transport, washing, drinking, and eco-tourism. However, few studies have assessed the effects of climate change on water resources in recent years. This study investigated the relationship between water resources and climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the first segment, Vos-Viewer was used to map, study the literature, and identify any gaps to evaluate the interdependence between water resources and climate. The study was guided by specific objectives, which include assessing the adaptation and mitigation strategies for the effects of climate on water resources. Searches for the keywords “climate change” and “water resources” were conducted to obtain literature for this study. A total of 125 papers selected for this study from 1945–2022, from Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science, were found relevant for this study and were selected and discussed. Thus, the worldwide literature was used to provide a real understanding of the effects of climate change on water resources, adaptation, and mitigation measures. According to the findings of the study, cooperation networks in developing countries were not as prominent as research networks in developed countries. It was shown that irregular rainfall affects water quality and quantity by giving the water a muddy, acidic, and turbid appearance. Therefore, all stakeholders should facilitate prudent water resource usage by 695 million people who still use unimproved water facilities in sub-Saharan Africa.Item Open Access Classifying the Involvement of Men and Women in Climate Smart Agricultural Practices in Kayonza Sub-county(International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science, 2022-02-25) Turyasingura, Benson; Ayiga, NatalGlobally, climate change is currently recognized as one of the most serious risks to communities' socio-economic activity, health, and livelihood. Climate Smart Agriculture is an essential tactic to developing the technical, policy, and investment conditions that enable actions aimed at achieving sustainable agricultural development for food and nutrition security in a changing climate. The purpose of this study was therefore classifying the involvement of men and women in climate smart agricultural practices in Kayonza sub-county, Kanungu district, Uganda. The study was guided by the specific objectives which include investigating the engagement of both men and women in climate-smart practices, establishing different climate-smart practices that are being used and assessing the climate smart agricultural practices adopted in in Kayonza sub-county. The study used descriptive research design utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analyses methods. Using simple random and purposive sampling techniques, a total of 374 respondents were selected to participate in the study. Questionnaires, key informant interviews, observation methods of data collection were used in this study. It was found out that both men and women were involved in the planting of trees and crops on farms that are typically used for fruit, fodder. Improved cooking stoves, fisheries and aquaculture, pasture management and planting of plant tolerant verities were among the CSA practices. The study recommends that the government should develop a strategy plan for gender quality based on goals that reflect an awareness of the economic and social implications of compromised climate smart agriculture. It was also concluded that both men and women were active in climate-smart farming methods.Item Open Access Classifying the Involvement of Men and Women in Climate Smart Agricultural Practices in Kayonza Sub-county, Kanungu District, Uganda(International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science, 2022) Benson, Turyasingura; Ayiga, NatalGlobally, climate change is currently recognized as one of the most serious risks to communities' socio-economic activity, health, and livelihood. Climate Smart Agriculture is an essential tactic to developing the technical, policy, and investment conditions that enable actions aimed at achieving sustainable agricultural development for food and nutrition security in a changing climate. The purpose of this study was therefore classifying the involvement of men and women in climate smart agricultural practices in Kayonza sub-county, Kanungu district, Uganda. The study was guided by the specific objectives which include investigating the engagement of both men and women in climate-smart practices, establishing different climate-smart practices that are being used and assessing the climate smart agricultural practices adopted in in Kayonza sub-county. The study used descriptive research design utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analyses methods. Using simple random and purposive sampling techniques, a total of 374 respondents were selected to participate in the study. Questionnaires,key informant interviews, observation methods of data collection were used in this study. It was found out that both men and women were involved in the planting of trees and crops on farms that are typically used for fruit, fodder. Improved cooking stoves, fisheries and aquaculture, pasture management and planting of plant tolerant verities were among the CSA practices. The study recommends that the government should develop a strategy plan for gender quality based on goals that reflect an awareness of the economic and social implications of compromised climate smart agriculture. It was also concluded that both men and women were active in climate-smart farming methods.Item Open Access Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) for Sustainable Agriculture Nexus: A Tool for Transforming Food Systems(2023-03-29) Turyasingura, Benson; Ayiga, Natal; Tumwesigye, Wycliffe; James, Philip HegartyClimate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is a global strategy for enhancing food productivity amidst climate change uncertainties in the 21st century. CSA improves farmers’ incomes, reduces greenhouse emissions, and farming systems become resilient to climate change. Despite the vital role that CSA plays in the development of the agricultural industry and the economy, the extent to which CSA is related to sustainable agriculture (SA) is not well documented. Is CSA the same as SA? If they are the same, do CSA practices impose mitigation requirements for developing countries like Uganda? Studies or research on CSA and SA unfortunately have certain shortcomings. Lack of this knowledge makes it difficult to plan investments and develop policies that will increase farmers’ resilience to climate change and variability to improve SA. This study is aimed at assessing how CSA links to SA and whether the two contribute to climate change mitigation requirements. It was found that CSA and SA are also related in a way that the latter leads to lowering greenhouse gas emissions hence mitigating climate change. CSA and SA share a common principal goal of achieving food security. It was concluded that developing countries are the worst affected by the negative impacts of climate change and don’t have the adaptive capacity to respond to climate change effects.Item Open Access The Discourse of Non-Citizens Expulsion Reinvigorated: Examination of Racial Undertones in Asians Expulsion from Uganda in 1972(African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research, 2021) Francis Akena, Adyanga; Eton, Marus; Ayiga, NatalThe expulsion of non-citizens from countries around the globe is not a new phenomenon. In Africa, there have been numerous documented and undocumented cases after the continent acquired political independence in the 1960’s. In the critical antiracist study, forceful expulsion of citizens of another country may constitute racism. However, our position in this paper is that expulsion of non-citizens for the interest of the host country is not necessarily a racial act. It is on this basis that we examine the expulsion of Asians from Uganda in 1972 and argue that the act, at the basic level of bigotry analysis may not have constituted racism. However, categorizing the Asians population in Uganda by then, the main argument in this paper justifies the expulsion for certain groups on one hand. But on the other hand, we admonish the Uganda government for collective expulsion of the Asians whose ancestors were brought in the country in the late 19th century to build the Uganda railway. Furthermore, the paper argues that as much as many of the Asians were second or third generations having been born in Uganda and were legal citizens, they do not fall within the category of indigenous population. Therefore, their expulsion based on indigeneity and correcting economic imbalance by then is racially unbiased and defensible.Item Open Access Diversity at Landscape Level to Increase Resilience. A Review(East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources, 2022-06-25) Turyasingura, Benson; Mwanjalolo, Majaliwa; Ayiga, NatalTree species increases the number of ecological niches and associated species such as understory plants and animals hence, increased landscape ecosystem diversity. Rapid environmental and economic changes are posing serious dangers to ecosystems and economic systems around the world. This has resulted in the extinction of species, droughts, and price fluctuations in agricultural products. The aim of this review is to document landscape diversity and ecosystem resilience as a tool for natural resources management. The species from one ecosystem's functional group may temporarily support a functional group in another ecosystem, significant variety can help to maintain ecological stability. Hence, building on these insights, diversity at landscape level is paramount to promoting resilient livelihoods as a means of improving the health and functioning of socio-ecological systems, as well as a mechanism for achieving food security. The study concludes that there should be involving many actors in a landscape management aspect to stimulate knowledge exchange and training.Item Open Access Diversity at Landscape Level to Increase Resilience. A Review(East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources, 2022) Benson, Turyasingura; Ayiga, Natal; Majaliwa, MwanjaloloTree species increases the number of ecological niches and associated species such as understory plants and animals hence, increased landscape ecosystem diversity. Rapid environmental and economic changes are posing serious dangers to ecosystems and economic systems around the world. This has resulted in the extinction of species, droughts, and price fluctuations in agricultural products. The aim of this review is to document landscape diversity and ecosystem resilience as a tool for natural resources management. The species from one ecosystem's functional group may temporarily support a functional group in another ecosystem, significant variety can help to maintain ecological stability. Hence, building on these insights, diversity at landscape level is paramount to promoting resilient livelihoods as a means of improving the health and functioning of socio-ecological systems, as well as a mechanism for achieving food security. The study concludes that there should be involving many actors in a landscape management aspect to stimulate knowledge exchange and training.Item Open Access Globalization and Its Implications on the Growth of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Western Uganda: A Case of Selected Districts in Western Uganda(International Journal of Research in Management, Economics and Commerce., 2019) Eton, Marus; Ayiga, Natal; Constant, Okello Obura; Fabian, Mwosi; Gilbert, UwondaGlobalization, characterized by greater economic, political and cultural integration and dependence, has been widely discussed and practiced in the last two decades. The study sought to investigate the implications of globalization on the growth of SMEs in western Uganda, Particularly how globalization affected the productivity and innovation of SMEs in western Uganda. The researcher adopted a cross sectional study design. The Data was collected by the use of structured and closed ended questionnaire. The findings revealed that businesses dealing in imported commodities are fast-growing and register tangible growth results compared to those dealing in locally manufactured commodities. Imported commodities seem not to suit the interests of most Ugandans, perhaps because some are not durable. The study further established that government finds it very difficult to control all the commodities that enter the Ugandan market. The study therefore recommends that Uganda Revenue Authority, under its Anti-Smuggling Unit, should ensure vigilance at border points to reduce the inflow of unauthorized commodities which flood Ugandan market. The Ministry of Trade, Commerce and Industry should step out to protect local firms against competition from foreign producers, particularly those dealing in similar products. Government should lower interest rates through her fiscal and monetary policies to allow SMEs access credit at affordable rates. There is also need to examine the extent to which Uganda’s membership to the East African Community boosts growth of SMEs since all the member countries have almost similar competitive economic advantages. Keywords: Globalization, growth, SMEs, Western UgandaItem Open Access Impacts of Climate Change on the Plant Water Interactions(Journal of Resources Development and Management, 2023-02-23) Turyasingura, Benson; Ayiga, NatalClimate change has an impact on ecosystem structure and function globally by altering the relationships between plants and soil organisms. Despite the fact that water is the most plentiful molecule on Earth's surface, water scarcity is the element that most severely limits global terrestrial plant production. Little is known about the climatic factors that drive phenological responses to climate change, and less attention has been paid to the fact that phenology is also responsive to other climatic. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of climate change on plant water interactions. This study was guided by the specific objectives, which included examining the relationship between climate change and plant function; finding out the impacts of climate change on plant water interactions; and assessing how plants handle water scarcity. It was found that there was a linkage between climate change and plant function. The evaporation of water molecules from the outer surfaces of the mesophyll cells initiates the upward transpiration pull in the leaves, and respiring starches and sugars are created during photosynthetic processes using sunlight energy. Climate change enhanced the most enormous movement of species that has occurred without direct human intervention. It was also found that precipitation was a key driver of phenological changes in desert ecosystems. It was also found that drought was one of the most significant biotic challenges faced by plants, with considerable genetic variation in water deficit responses. There is a need for research on climate change to ease biodiversity conservation.Item Open Access Progressive Efforts in the Implementation of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in Uganda.(Kabale University, 2024) Turyasingura, Benson; Akatwijuka, Rogers; Tumwesigye, Wycliffe; Ayiga, Natal; Ruhiiga, Tabukeli Musigi; Banerjee, Abhishek; Benzougagh, Brahim; Frolov, DenisWorldwide, water is essential in creating the environment and human life. Uganda’s Vision 2040 promises general use and safe access to drinking water for all Ugandans. Today, 14% of the population in Uganda have access to potable managed water, and 78% of rural communities have access to the sanitation system, and by 2040, the number is expected to have doubled.“ If the population is to exercise its constitutional right to receive a dependable, safe, and inexpensive water supply, it is imperative that infrastructure for water supply be provided. We assessed the progressive efforts in the implementation of integrated water resources management in Uganda, challenges, opportunities, and policies for water management.” Explorations for the keywords “water” AND “water resources”, AND “water management” were used in this study. A total of 125 papers were selected for this study from 2013 to 2022, from Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science, that were found relevant for this study and were selected and discussed. According to findings, the United States, the United Kingdom, China, and India were the leading publications. In the analysis of sources of journals by publications, the Science of The Total Environment was the leading. According to the analysis by the organizations, the leading was Wageningen University and Research, followed by the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was concluded that the problems of effectiveness in water resource management are still a global change and little effort has been made. To bridge the gap from science to policymaking in the water resources nexus, it is vital to enhance stakeholder collaboration, water resource tradeoffs, and regional development and preservation by optimizing the ecological water resource pattern.Item Open Access Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Environmental Management and Poverty Reduction in Western Uganda(International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2019) Eton, Marus; Ayiga, Natal; Moses, Agaba; Fabian, Mwosi; Benard, Patrick OgwelThe study aimed at assessing the role of SMEs and environment management in poverty reduction in Western Uganda. The study a descriptive and correlation study design. The data was collected by use of structured and closed ended questionnaires. The findings revealed a strong association between (SMES and environmental management) and poverty reduction (r =.644; sig. <.05). The study found out that SMEs lack access to innovative technologies, which are essential in buttressing SME roles in poverty reduction. The study revealed that very little financial resources are directly channeled to SMEs amidst ever increasing interest rates on loans. Government policies on SMEs are deficient in terms of technical, technological, financial, and managerial and infrastructures needed for effective contribution to economic growth and poverty reduction. The study further suggest that SMEs can resolve problems of poverty and unemployment if they can access cheap capital. The study therefore recommends that government should prioritize SME sector in budgets to enhance its contribution to economic growth and poverty reduction.Item Open Access Study on Innovative Practices to Promote Girls’ Retention and Transition to Secondary and Higher Learning Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa.(Kabale University, 2024) Ayiga, Natal; Adyanga, Francis Akena; Akello, JacquelineThis report presents the study's findings on “Innovative Practices to Promote Girls’ Retention and Transition to Secondary and Higher Learning Institutions in Uganda.” Despite efforts to expand access to girl child education through the UPE and USE programs, retention and transition of girls through primary and secondary education have been low. This has been due to the high dropout rates, particularly among girls. At the national level, the dropout rates are higher in the primary than in secondary education, leading to the failure to achieve equity and equality in education between boys and girls. This situation calls for actions to promote the reentry of girls who previously dropped out of school and ensure their retention and transition from primary to secondary education. The study's main objective is to identify innovative practices for promoting the reentry, retention, and transition of girls through the primary to secondary levels of education and to highlight the barriers to the reentry, retention, and transition of girls who previously dropped out of school. The specific objectives of the study are to: 1. Assess the status of girls' retention and transition at primary and secondary levels of education; 2. Determine factors that exacerbate the dropout of girls in primary and secondary school education; 3. Establish the adoption and status of implementation of school reentry policy and/or guidelines; and 4. Identify innovative and promising practices that promote school reentry and retention for girls at primary and secondary schools. The study was conducted in the West Nile, Northern, and Eastern Uganda in the districts of Yumbe, Adjumani, Amuru, Bugweri, Dokolo, Manafwa, Pader, Lira City, Kamuli, and Tororo. Collectively, the population of these districts was estimated at 2,150,000 million people in 2021. The socioeconomic indicators of the study population show that the population in these districts is multidimensionally poor with rates ranging from 41.5% in Busoga, 57% in Lango, 63.7% in Acholi, and 59.1% in West Nile. The economy of the study regions is predominantly agricultural with the majority of the population depending on subsistence farming, living in rural areas, and currently, the poorest in all aspects of development in Uganda. The study used a cross-sectional research design and collected both primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected by using 7 tools containing both quantitative and qualitative data. The structured questionnaire, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were used to collect the data. An extensive literature review was also conducted to acquire some of the data that was used in the study. The target population for the study included teenage girls who previously dropped out of school due to pregnancy and motherhood, parents/guardians to pregnant or teenage mothers, learners in schools, school administrators and health facilities serving the school communities and selected schools involved in the study and key education sector stakeholders in the selected districts. The main findings of the study a. From the perspectives of teenage mothers, learners, school administrators, parents/guardians, and key community leaders, teenage pregnancy is a major concern in the study districts. Over 70% of participants reported that teenage pregnancy is a major problem that must be fought head-on. The majority of teenage pregnancies take place in primary schools at the ages of 15-17 years and in Grades 5-7. Yumbe, Kamuli, Manafwa and Adjumani districts were leading other districts in the study on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy among learners. b. All learners who became pregnant dropped out of school. Of the pregnant teenagers, the majority were married by the time of the study. About 55% and 45% of the pregnant learners were married and single respectively. c. The main causes of teenage pregnancy among learners were identified to be poverty in households that leads to failures of families to pay school fees and provide for the needs of girls, lack of guidance on sexuality by parents and schools, negative peer influence, and defilement mostly perpetrated by older adult men. d. Perpetrators of teenage pregnancy include male peers of similar age or slightly older, adult men including Businessmen, Boda Boda taxi riders, and teachers who exploit the vulnerability of girls. Incest with relatives was also blamed for teenage learner pregnancy. e. Dropping out of school temporarily or permanently is the most common short-term impact of teenage pregnancy. Teenage mothers who return to school are often required to repeat classes and perform poorly at school due to childcare challenges and socioeconomic hardships. f. At the national level, there is a positive trend in the enrolment of both girls and boys in primary and secondary education, and parity between boys and girls in each year of enrolment has been achieved. i. However, primary education completion rates stagnated and declined in the period for which national data is available (2013-2017). ii. The transition rate from primary to secondary declined from 72% in 2013 to about 60% in 2017. There were no differences between boys and girls in the transition from primary to secondary education. g. The results from study districts revealed that the number of learners transitioning from P1 through completion at P7 for both boys and girls in rural and urban schools declined monotonically. The intergrade transition rate and primary 7 completion rate were lower for girls than for boys, confirming that fewer girls than boys complete P7 and transition to secondary education. h. The study found that 428 girls became pregnant while studying. Of these, only 39.3% returned to school. The age, level of education, and grade at pregnancy affected the likelihood of school reentry. Only 14.8% of teenage mothers under the age of 15 years returned to school, compared to 42.3% and 42.1% of teenage mothers who become 3 pregnant at the age of 15-17 years and 18 years or older respectively. Lack of fees, being married, fear of stigmatization by peers and teachers in schools, and low perception of self-worth and low esteem are some of the main barriers to school reentry. i. The study's findings show that of the 104 teenage mothers who returned to school, about 53% transitioned to secondary education. Another 13.5% joined alternative education pathways. The proportion of learners transitioning from primary to secondary education decreased with age and grade at pregnancy. Adoption and Implementation of Guidelines for Reentry and Retention In 2020, the MoE&S passed and rolled out guidelines for the management of teenage pregnancy and reentry and management of adolescent mothers in school settings. The study found that these guidelines are being implemented at various levels in several schools. These guidelines include: a. Girls are required to come with a medical report while reporting back to school. They are also periodically tested for pregnancy during school terms. b. Parents of girls, found pregnant are summoned to school to appropriately evacuate them home and plan for the way forward. c. School send girls home as soon as they are discovered pregnant and pregnant learners and their parents are counseled on the type of support and care the girls need during pregnancy. d. Teenage girls in candidate classes who become pregnant are allowed to come to school and sit their final examinations. e. Some perpetrators of teenage pregnancy in school settings have been prosecuted. However, more needs to be done by putting in place deterrent measures to stop the vice. f. Schools are allowing teenage mothers to return to school and some allow them to come to school with their babies as long as a childcare provider is present. However, no facilities have been provided for child care. g. Schools having teenage mothers have instated mechanisms to protect them from stigma and discrimination by other learners and teachers. h. Counseling of learners on sexuality is provided to learners by female and male teachers. Schools are disseminating information about teenage pregnancy, its impacts, and ways of protecting teenage girls against it. i. Learners are provided regular briefs during assemblies on negative peer pressure and are also provided life skills to engage in responsible relationships in the community of learners. j. Schools have teenage mothers with NGOs/CBOs for support for both reentry and retention in school as well as childcare support. k. NGOs/CBOs in the education sector are conducting parents and community sensitization on the importance and benefits of keeping girls in school as well as reentry of girls who dropped out of school including those due to teenage pregnancy and motherhood. l. NGOs/CBOs are implementing alternative education pathways such as the ASEP and skills-based education for school dropouts including those due to teenage pregnancy and motherhood. Innovative and Promising Interventions The study identified the following interventions for reentry, retention, and transition from primary to secondary education: a. Provision of childcare facilities in schools: Providing childcare facilities in schools could be a promising intervention for teenage mothers to reenter, remain in school, and complete primary and secondary education. b. Providing alternative learning environments: Enrolling teenage mothers in a different school could protect them from stigmatization by peers and teachers. c. Providing alternative learning pathways: Alternative education pathways intended to build the knowledge and skills of teenage mothers to be able to navigate socioeconomic conditions as they grow into adulthood, should be promoted. d. Introduction of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services and Commodities (SRHS&C): These services and commodities could prevent pregnancy and repeat pregnancies among sexually active girls and teenage mothers respectively. e. Counseling services for pregnant and teenage mothers: Counseling has the potential to address not only stigmatizing attitudes by teachers and fellow learners but also issues of self-esteem and self-worth among teenage mothers. f. Support for teenage mothers to reenter and remain at school: Government and other education stakeholders' support in providing conditional cash transfers for teenage mothers to meet school and personal needs and childcare has promise for the reentry and retention of teenage mothers in school. g. Introduce courses that teach life skills to learners in primary schools: This will enable learners to understand and manage the physiological, psychological, and emotional changes girls experience as they transition through the turbulent years of adolescence.Item Open Access The complementary Role of Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Landslide Disaster Management in Kanungu District, Uganda(Kabale University, 2024) Turyasingura, Benson; Ayiga, Natal; Benzougagh, Brahim; Kader, Shuraik; Kumar, Singh Sudhir; Nuwe, John BOSCO; Gweyi-Onyango, Joseph P.; Bojago, EliasThis study aimed to investigate the use and effectiveness of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) in managing landslides in Kanungu District, Uganda. The study used the Likert scale and the multivariate probit (MVP) model and found that marginalization was a significant challenge facing local interventions in landslide disaster management. Factors such as farm size, credit availability, social group membership, access to extension services, farming experience, accessibility of weather and climatic information, and perception of climatic changes influenced the adoption of IKS, both positively and negatively. The study concludes that education programs should focus on farmer capacity building to mitigate landslide risks and emphasize the application of IKS in landslide hazard management.Item Open Access The experiences and challenges of Doctoral Education in Public Universities compared(Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education/, 2023-02-08) Ocan, Johnson; Marus, Eton; Adyanga, Akena Francis; Ayiga, NatalAbstract Purpose: This article’s purpose is to explore the challenges and experiences PhD students in selected Ugandan state universities endure during their studies. Research methodology: The approach of the research focused on three public universities thus; Kabale University, Makerere University, and Gulu University. To explore these challenges, we undertook an extensive literature review of the external supervisors and evaluations of PhD students who attempted to submit their final dissertations. Results: The main findings of the results indicate that due to institutional, individual, and supervisory inefficiency, many students who enroll in their PhD programs at these universities are unable to graduate within the given timeframe. Limitations: The limitations of the study conclude that the problems addressed in this research and the suggestions presented provide the basis for improving university training programs and facilitating students, timely completion of the PhD program. Contribution: In terms of contribution, this research will improve scholarly writing and publication abilities, in addition to increasing the identity of doctoral education in Uganda. Evidently, there is no substantial work exploring the difficulties and challenges faced by PhD students in Uganda. Novelty: it is crucial to remember that when pursuing their PhDs, scholars are not just learning about the research topic, but are also developing fundamental skills in critical thinking, to construct their own knowledge within their own indigenous context, it is essential that they acquire the capacity to assess assertions, and evaluate arguments in a critical manner.Item Open Access The Experiences and Challenges of Doctoral Education in Public Universities Compared.(Kabale University, 2023) Ocan, Johnson; Eton, Marus; Akena, Francis Adyanga; Ayiga, NatalPurpose: This article’s purpose is to explore the challenges and experiences PhD students in selected Ugandan state universities endure during their studies. Research methodology: The approach of the research focused on three public universities thus; Kabale University, Makerere University, and Gulu University. To explore these challenges, we undertook an extensive literature review of the external supervisors and evaluations of PhD students who attempted to submit their final dissertations. Results: The main findings of the results indicate that due to institutional, individual, and supervisory inefficiency, many students who enroll in their PhD programs at these universities are unable to graduate within the given timeframe. Limitations: The limitations of the study conclude that the problems addressed in this research and the suggestions presented provide the basis for improving university training programs and facilitating students, timely completion of the PhD program. Contribution: In terms of contribution, this research will improve scholarly writing and publication abilities, in addition to increasing the identity of doctoral education in Uganda. Evidently, there is no substantial work exploring the difficulties and challenges faced by PhD students in Uganda. Novelty: it is crucial to remember that when pursuing their PhDs, scholars are not just learning about the research topic, but are also developing fundamental skills in critical thinking, to construct their own knowledge within their own indigenous context, it is essential that they acquire the capacity to assess assertions, and evaluate arguments in a critical manner.Item Open Access Wetland Conservation and Management Practices in Rubanda District South-Western Uganda.(Kabale University, 2024) Turyasingura, Benson; Saturday, Alex; Hirwa, Hubert; Fatima, Sule Mohammed; Ruhiiga, Tabukeli Musigi; Ayiga, NatalWorldwide, wetlands cover about 9% of the land surface and are recognized as bio- networks that offer living prospects when managed properly. Despite the present resource management regime, many wetlands in Uganda are being degraded due to mining, construction, agricultural and industrial activity, and little attention has been paid to the effectiveness of wetland conservation. The goal of this research was to evaluate Nyamuriro wetland conservation and management practices in Muko Sub-County, Rubanda District, in south-western Uganda. The study was guided by specific objectives, which included investigating the management approaches used in Nyamuriro wetland conservation, identifying the management challenges preventing Nyamuriro wetland conservation, and evaluating sustainable solutions to the challenges preventing Nyamuriro wetland conservation. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design that included qualitative and quantitative data gathering and analysis techniques. A total of 109 people participated in the study using simple random and purposive sampling approaches. In this study, data was collected using questionnaires, key informant interviews, and observational approaches. Most respondents strongly agree that wetland restoration is the best management approach for Nyamuriro wetland conservation (Mean = 4.87, SD = 0.547). Corruption was the most significant hindrance to the conservation of Nyamuriro wetland among the management problems (Mean =3.41, SD = 0.467). Overall, the data showed that there was a significant positive association between conservation management techniques but not between viable Nyamuriro wetland conservation measures. The study recommended that strict lawsand procedures should be put in place to ease restrictions on wetland conservation.Item Open Access Wetland Conservation and Management Practices in Rubanda District, South-Western Uganda(East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources, 2022-07-17) Turyasingura, Benson; Saturday, Alex PhD; Hirwa, Hubert; Mohammed, Fatima Sule; Ruhiiga, Tabukeli Musigi; Ayiga, NatalWorldwide, wetlands cover about 9% of the land surface and are recognized as bio networks that offer living prospects when managed properly. Despite the present resource management regime, many wetlands in Uganda are being degraded due to mining, construction, agricultural and industrial activity, and little attention has been paid to the effectiveness of wetland conservation. The goal of this research was to evaluate Nyamuriro wetland conservation and management practices in Muko Sub-County, Rubanda District, in south-western Uganda. The study was guided by specific objectives, which included investigating the management approaches used in Nyamuriro wetland conservation, identifying the management challenges preventing Nyamuriro wetland conservation, and evaluating sustainable solutions to the challenges preventing Nyamuriro wetland conservation. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design that included qualitative and quantitative data gathering and analysis techniques. A total of 109 people participated in the study using simple random and purposive sampling approaches. In this study, data was collected using questionnaires, key informant interviews, and observational approaches. Most respondents strongly agree that wetland restoration is the best management approach for Nyamuriro wetland conservation (Mean = 4.87, SD = 0.547). Corruption was the most significant hindrance to the conservation of Nyamuriro wetland among the management problems (Mean = 3.41, SD = 0.467). Overall, the data showed that there was a significant positive association between conservation management techniques but not between viable Nyamuriro wetland conservation measures. The study recommended that strict laws and procedures should be put in place to ease restrictions on wetland conservation.