Faculty of Education (FEDU)

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http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12493/9

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Open Access
Effect of Education Investment on Citizen Democratic Satisfaction and Living Conditions in Africa: A National Survey for Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2024) Sekiwu, Denis; Adyanga, Francis Akena; Romm, Norma RA
Education spending is essential for the advancement of society since it can capacitate people to participate in economic, social, and political life while propelling socio-economic development. However, Sub-Saharan Africa continues to experience economic decline and democratic inadequacies despite large investments in education. This calls for a critical assessment of their effects on society broadly. Therefore, using a sample of 1200 respondents from the national Afrobarometer survey, this study investigates the relationship between democratic satisfaction, education investment, and living conditions in Uganda. The results show that there is a general lack of satisfaction with the investment made in education, particularly among less educated and rural communities. Higher education is inversely correlated with better living conditions and democratic satisfaction, according to bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models. These findings highlight the need for all-encompassing educational approaches that are geared toward raising living standards and citizen contentment with democracy.
Open Access
Effects of Universal Primary Education on Completion Rates of Pupils in Primary Schools in Isingiro District.
(Kabale University, 2023) Ngabirano, Ziporah; Adyanga, Francis Akena; Ocan, Johnson
Introducing UPE worldwide led to a surge in enrolment rates in most countries, which often overwhelmed and exceeded the capacity of education systems. Severe constraints such as a shortage of teachers and school materials led to overcrowding in Uganda, the student-teacher ratio moved from 37.6 million in 1996 to 59.4 million in 1997. Dropout rates also increased and survival rates sunk from 59% to 37%. Notable is that promoting a nation's social and economic growth depends on universal primary education. This article investigated the universal basic education policy and the primary school completion rates of pupils in Isingiro District in South Western Uganda. A secondary data review and a qualitative research approach were the study's compasses. Document analysis was done, data from articles reports, and research done by different scholars was collected to identify and examine relevant themes associated with the effect of UPE on completion rates in primary schools of the Isingiro district. The main conclusion was that the introduction of UPE in primary schools of the Isingiro district did not have an observable positive change in the completion rates at the end of primary seven as compared to when UPE was not yet introduced to the Ugandan education system.
Open Access
Exploring the Root Causes of Low Household Income among Smallholder Farmers in Kamuli District, Busoga Region, Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2024) Lubaale, Ronald Gideon; Ocan, Johnson; Adyanga, Francis Akena
This study investigated the root causes of low household incomes among smallholder farmers in Kamuli District, Busoga Region, Uganda. Employing a mixed methods approach, the research integrated quantitative and qualitative data collection methods to comprehensively explore the factors influencing household income. The study population comprised 100 smallholder farmers and 20 key informants, totaling 120 respondents. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling were used to select respondents. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, and reliability statistics indicated a high level of internal consistency among survey items. Qualitative data was analyzed by using thematic analysis. The findings revealed significant challenges faced by smallholder farmers in Kamuli District. These challenges were categorized into agricultural production practices and technologies, institutional factors and market dynamics, and environmental factors and shocks. Limited adoption of modern agricultural practices, poor market access, and climate variability emerged as key impediments to income generation. Possible strategies to address these challenges were identified, including the adoption of modern agricultural practices, investment in training and extension services, infrastructure improvements, access to credit, and establishment of farmer cooperative associations. These strategies aimed to enhance agricultural productivity, market access, and resilience to environmental shocks. The study underscored the interconnectedness of challenges faced by smallholder farmers and emphasized the need for integrated interventions involving technological innovations, institutional reforms, and climate adaptation measures. Collaboration among stakeholders was essential to implement effective solutions and promote sustainable development in agricultural communities. By addressing the root causes of low household income, this study sought to contribute to poverty reduction and food security in Kamuli District and beyond.
Open Access
Factors Influencing Recentralization of Local Government Functions in Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2024) Biryomumeisho, Stephen; Ocan, Johnson; Adyanga, Francis Akena
The decentralization system of governance is perceived as one of the recent public sector reforms to improve service delivery in Uganda. It is the transfer of authority from Central to Local Governments to execute their duties to improve service delivery. Various developing countries have praised Uganda’s decentralization policy regarding the magnitude of the transfer of authority to the local level. However, since 2003, the Central Government started reversing the policy in terms of decentralization of the appointment of Chief Administrative Officers and Municipal Town Clerks and of recent City Town Clerks (for new cities in Uganda) from the District Service Commissions (DSCs) to the Public Service Commission, recentralization of Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) under the management of the Executive Director, Procurement of drugs from the district health office to the National Medical Stores (NMS), recentralization of the payroll and the recent recentralization of local revenue collection from LGs. This paper focuses on the factors influencing the decentralization of Local Government powers in Uganda. This is presumed to be evidence of the demise of the recentralization policy. From the reviewed articles, these factors include accountability challenges, human resource management crisis, political interference by local authorities and lack of financial discipline among local authorities and fear of local autonomy. The paper concluded that decentralization of Local Government functions reduced undue influence of local politicians though it accorded excessive powers to executive officers in Local Governments; the human resource crisis was mainly caused by poor man power planning. Recentralisation of local revenue caused financial constraints at the local level and recentralisation of KCCA led to the weakening of the opposition but led to increases resources to develop the capital city. The paper recommended that the Parliament should harmonize with the central government on the issue of returning Local revenue collection and management at the local level; give reasonable powers to the local Governments to control top technical leadership; increase funding to Central Government staff to monitor Local Government programs and build the capacity of local leaders to improve service delivery.
Open Access
Lifelong Educational and Decolonization Programs for the Batwa Indigenous People of Southwestern Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2024) Sekiwu, Denis; Adyanga, Francis Akena; Musoke, Genza Gyaviira; Rugambwa, Nina Olivia; Muwagga, Anthony Mugagga
This article is based on a study conducted among the Batwa Indigenous people in southwestern Uganda between 2021 and 2022. The study aimed to explore culturally relevant lifelong education and decolonization programs for the Batwa people. Using indigenous research methodology, 60 participants comprising of elders, parents, children and teachers were recruited from the Batwa community for the study. We used Egalitarian liberalism and justice in education (ELJE) theory as an analytical framework. Key findings demonstrate that participants were conscious of the challenges faced by their community and collectively brainstormed practical redress measures. These measures include but are not limited to setting up an entrepreneurship education program, vocational and skilling programs, and promotion of Rutwa language. Besides, some specific Batwa life skills identified by participants are briefly described as imperative for integration in the schooling system to achieve the decolonization mission.
Open Access
Management and Utilisation of Land Resources to Attain Economic Sustainability among Christians in West Ankole Diocese, Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2024) Ahereza, Madelean; Ocan, Johnson; Adyanga, Francis Akena
The study set out to investigate the land resources that are accessible in the West Ankole Diocese, their management and use, and the obstacles that stand in the way of the diocese achieving the targeted level of economic sustainability. Districts of Bushenyi, Sheema, Mitooma, Rubirizi, and Buhweju, form the Greater Bushenyi area which is all included in the West Ankole diocese. The study incorporated qualitative as well as quantitative techniques, such as the observation method, focus groups, and one-on-one interviews. Using these methods, researchers observed the behavior of study participants and made inferences about their responses and operations. It was anticipated that the primary conclusions of the results would clarify some shortcomings, highlighting gaps in the methods used for the utilization of terrestrial resources, which resulted in development imbalances, high rates of malnutrition, and food shortages while other resources remained idle. The reasons for this were further explored, and potential mitigation strategies were put forth. In terms of contribution, this study suggested regulated population expansion, informed instruction in contemporary land use, and a shift in land ownership. The limitations of the study concluded that the problems addressed in this research and the suggestions presented provide the basis for improving the land use practices being conducted. The study looked for novel strategies that, if adopted, would enhance the economic livelihoods in West Ankole Diocese and raise living standards and sustainably generate income. It also identified land resource practices that have contributed to underdevelopment. According to the study, in order to achieve sustainable growth through the use of land resources, the diocese would eventually generate higher economic gains from the resources if the relevant authorities were empowered. The research has been carried out in Uganda for the first time, despite being founded on a review of pertinent papers.
Open Access
Teachers' Competence as an Avenue for "Learning Through Play Pedagogy" in Preschools: A Case of Makindye Ssabagabo Division.
(Kabale University, 2024) Ngalonsa, Luciana; Ocan, Johnson; Adyanga, Francis Akena
The purpose of this study was to establish whether teacher competence can enhance the use of learning through play (LTP) pedagogy in preschools. Specifically, the objectives of the study were to; examine how teachers' knowledge of the strand matter influences the use of learning through play in preschools, to establish whether teachers' knowledge about learners influences the implementation of learning through play in preschool, and to assess teachers' pedagogical knowledge needed on the use of learning through play in pre-schools. The study was guided by scaffolding instruction as a teaching strategy from the social constructivist theory by Levy Vygotsky (1978). The study adopted a case study design. The study population comprised preschool class teachers, heads of sections, head teachers, and pupils in class observation. Purposive sampling was used to apportion individual members selected. Data was collected using the interview schedule, focus group discussions, and documentary analysis. The qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis and presented in narrative form. These techniques involved observing the study participants & behavior and drawing conclusions based on their responses and actions in the way they engaged in incorporating the learning through play pedagogy. The main findings of the results highlighted and approved that some of the teachers were competent in using the learning through play pedagogy while others still used the teacher-centered approach. Teachers conducted play without a pre-conceived pedagogical purpose. Others still involved children in the learning process in the absence of play. Further investigation revealed that those doing it well had received continuous professional development support, unlike the rest. In terms of contribution, the research recommended pedagogical advancements by showcasing the benefits of learning through play. The novelty of the study concluded that the problems addressed in this research and the suggestions presented provide the basis for improving ECD practices while using play in learning.
Open Access
The Impact of Academic Staff Appraisals on Job performance in Rwanda's Private Universities.
(Kabale University, 2024) Ngirabakunzi, Felicien; Ocan, Johnson; Adyanga, Francis Akena
The study aimed to investigate the impact of staff appraisals on job performance within higher education institutions in Rwanda. Its objectives were to assess the types of appraisals conducted in private universities, evaluate job performance in a selected university, and determine the impact of staff appraisal on job performance. Methodologically, the study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative research methods. A sample of 40 academic staff and 2 senior officials from one university was selected using universal and purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and one-on-one interviews. Key quantitative findings included a low frequency of academic staff appraisals, with Management by Objectives (MBO) and self-evaluation being the predominant methods. Despite this, job performance among academic staff was generally high, with an overall mean score of 3.49. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation (p < 0.01) between staff appraisals and job performance, indicating a moderate relationship (r = 0.547) between the two variables. Based on these findings, it is recommended that higher education institutions in Rwanda consider enhancing their staff appraisal systems to further improve job performance. Implementing more regular and comprehensive appraisal processes, along with diverse appraisal methods, could potentially lead to increased motivation and productivity among academic staff.
Open Access
Theoretical Review of Pay Restructuring in Uganda's Public Service Health Sector.
(Kabale University, 2024) Olum, Samson; Adyanga, Francis Akena; Ocan, Johnson
This article examines the impact of wage reforms on service delivery, financial stability, managerial efficiency, and donor influence and focuses on the public health sector in Uganda. Like other reforming countries, Uganda also implemented salary structure reform for various reasons, but the most important ones were to pay civil servants a living wage, make remuneration transparent, align the salary structure with the single-spine structure, and consequently increase the number of employees' motivation and efficiency in service delivery. The study analyzed research articles, policy documents, reports, and media coverage on pay changes for public health workers. Key findings show that the original goal of wage reforms, such as the single-spine structure has not been achieved; several pay scale structures were reintroduced. Different service models are used to calculate wages. Similar cadres of civil servants receive different salary grades; and wage allocation receives more funding than other areas, such as development and supplies. The results suggest that salary increases affect allocations in other important areas but do not always result in public health workers' commitment to service. Compromise and negotiation have played an important role in public sector wage restructuring. A review of wage reforms implemented across Uganda's public sector will be based on the recommendations and issues addressed in this study. The study provides crucial benchmarks with regard to wage reform strategies that promote diversity in the public sector and the distribution of authorities. This study is unique because it focuses on wage restructuring in the public sector to align practices with policies. Although based on a review of relevant documents, it was conducted for the first time in Uganda.
Open Access
Water Service Delivery Issues and Challenges for the Urban Poor Zones in Southwestern Uganda.
(Kabale University, 2024) Muhamya, Horace; Ocan, Johnson; Adyanga, Francis Akena
The article aims to examine the issues and challenges associated with providing water services to urban impoverished areas in Southwestern Uganda. The research methodology employed in this study involved conducting a comprehensive desktop study and literature review, systematically searching, and selecting peer-reviewed journal articles, books, and conference proceedings within a specified scope, using carefully chosen keywords and search criteria. After collating and evaluating the selected literature, a thorough synthesis was done to identify existing knowledge gaps and provide insights into the research questions under investigation. The main findings of the results highlight the need for integrated service models to expand water service delivery for the urban poor zones in southwestern Uganda. The study concludes that the problems addressed in this research and the suggestions presented provide the basis for improving water services to urban impoverished areas in Southwestern Uganda. This research will broaden service models for urban areas while also creating service models for locations with features of impoverished conditions. It is crucial to remember that households in urban cells were more likely to use improved water sources (including piped water on-premises), make regular payments for water,rely on shared sanitation facilities, and use manual sludge emptying services.

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