The most marginalized people in Uganda? Alternative realities of Batwa at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park
Date
2020
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier
Abstract
Indigenous peoples such as the Batwa in Uganda are predominantly seen as marginalised groups, leaving little
room for foregrounding their power, influence and involvement in tourism and development. Inspired by Foucauldian
discourse theory and Actor-Network Theory [ANT], we use the concept of relational agency to analyse
how the Batwa contribute to conservation and tourism development, and deepen our understanding of agency in
the context of the Batwa at the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (Uganda). Based on this conceptualisation we
analysed the dominant (academic and non-academic) discourses on the Batwa in the light of in-depth ethnographic
research to seek for alternative Batwa realities. Whereas scientific, NGO and governmental literature
predominantly reduced the Batwa to marginalised, poor and oppressed victims of development, our ethnographic
research observed the Batwa as a vibrant community that deploys expertise on forest ecology, tourism entrepreneurship,
organisational capacity and political activism. With such insights we discuss the consequences of
agency reduction and the ways to take the Batwa’s situational agency into account. Highlighting the multiple
realities of Batwa-ness provide a starting point of relating with the Batwa in ways that acknowledge them as
agential, rather than only marginalised.
Description
Keywords
Marginalisation Discourse Actor-Network theory Conservation Development Batwa